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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >The Impact of Social Media on Risk Communication of Disasters—A Comparative Study Based on Sina Weibo Blogs Related to Tianjin Explosion and Typhoon Pigeon
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The Impact of Social Media on Risk Communication of Disasters—A Comparative Study Based on Sina Weibo Blogs Related to Tianjin Explosion and Typhoon Pigeon

机译：社交媒体对灾害风险沟通的影响-基于与天津爆炸和台风鸽子有关的新浪微博的比较研究

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摘要

Social media has brought opportunities and challenges to risk communication of disasters by undermining the monopoly of traditional news media. This paper took blogs about Tianjin Explosion and Typhoon Pigeon posted through Weibo as empirical objects. Moreover, the paper used the analytical method of social network to conduct a comparative study on the network structures of information disseminated among different types of disasters, with the goal of uncovering the impact of social media on different types of risk communication of disasters. The result shows a different impact of the risk communication on the two types of disasters. While the role of social media for the risk communication of natural disasters is mainly to influence information dissemination, the roles of social media for the risk communication of man-made disasters are to transmit information as well as to communicate emotions. The differences seen within the structure of social media networks are causes differences in functions. Specifically, the structure for the social media communication network on man-made disasters takes on a “core - periphery structure” which is endowed with both information communication and emotional communication functions. Also, the role of the opinion leaders for the subnet is found to be significant while the communication within small groups is kept pretty active; additionally, the slow speed of information transmission of the network could result in easily distorted information. On top of that, the network is characterized with intense vulnerability to the attacks on core nodes. In contrast, the social media network for natural disaster risk communication is not seen with an obvious “peripheral-core” structure which is a relatively pure information transmission network with relatively equal principal status. In other words, the entire network is found with stronger connectivity and relatively faster information transmission speed. Furthermore, the nodes inside the network are found to have weaker control over information transmission. In sum, the research results are helpful in improving the risk communication theory based on social relations, optimizing the communication structure of disaster information so as to change the effect of risk communication.
机译：社交媒体破坏了传统新闻媒体的垄断，给灾害传播带来了机遇和挑战。本文以通过微博发布的有关天津爆炸和台风鸽的博客为经验对象。此外，本文利用社交网络的分析方法对不同类型的灾害之间传播的信息的网络结构进行了比较研究，目的是揭示社交媒体对不同类型的灾害风险沟通的影响。结果表明，风险交流对两种灾害的影响不同。社交媒体在自然灾害风险沟通中的作用主要是影响信息的传播，而社交媒体在人为灾害风险沟通中的作用是传递信息以及传达情感。在社交媒体网络的结构中看到的差异是导致功能差异的原因。具体而言，人为灾难社交媒体通信网络的结构采用“核心-外围结构”，具有信息通信和情感通信功能。同样，当小组内部的交流保持活跃时，意见领袖在子网中的作用也很重要。另外，网络信息传输速度慢可能导致信息容易失真。最重要的是，网络的特点是极易遭受核心节点的攻击。相反，用于自然灾害风险交流的社交媒体网络没有明显的“外围核心”结构，它是一个相对纯的信息传输网络，具有相对相等的主体地位。换句话说，发现整个网络具有更强的连通性和相对更快的信息传输速度。此外，发现网络内部的节点对信息传输的控制较弱。总之，研究结果有助于改进基于社会关系的风险沟通理论，优化灾害信息的沟通结构，从而改变风险沟通的效果。

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