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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Materials >Prediction of Tensile Strength in Friction Welding Joins Made of SA213 Tube to SA387 Tube Plate through Optimization Techniques
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Prediction of Tensile Strength in Friction Welding Joins Made of SA213 Tube to SA387 Tube Plate through Optimization Techniques

机译：通过优化技术预测SA213管到SA387管板的摩擦焊接接头的抗拉强度

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In modern times, the Industry X.0 has emerged as the paradigm that has become the core of digital technology-driven business organizations. Further, this paper establishes a tube to tube plate friction welding technology with the help of deploying an external tool, also known referred to as the FWTPET scheme. Besides, the SA213 tube and SA387 tube plate were combined by employing a unique interference fit technique. Also, the strength of this combined portion was assessed with and without the aid of a holding block. Subsequently, the analytic optimization approaches like genetic algorithm, analysis of variance, and Taguchi L orthogonal array design were deployed in the prediction of the optimum joining strength. Moreover, the input parameters include the projection of the tube (mm), the rotational speed of the tool (rpm), and depth of cut (mm); besides, the tensile strength is considered as the output parameter. Also, the grain size distribution around the weld zone and the presence of base metal were measured through an optical microscope as per ASTM linear intercept method. Further, it is evident that grain refinement had occurred in the weld zone, which in turn increases the tensile strength. The exceptional weld strength (tensile strength) was obtained when joining of SA213 tube and SA387 tube plate through interference fit using a holding block without a hole in the tube. Experimentally, it was found that the achieved tensile strengths were 836.8 MPa (without a hole) and 789.35 MPa (with hole) using the holding block, respectively. Additionally, it was found that in the absence of a holding block, the achieved tensile strength is 762.2 MPa (without a hole), and 700.8 MPa (with a hole), correspondingly. The deviation of tensile strength between the predicted (genetic algorithm) and experimental was found minimal. Therefore, for achieving this strength, the suitable operating parameters set include the rotational speed of the tool (1300 rpm), projection of the tube (1 mm), and depth of cut (0.5 mm) with backing block configuration.
机译：在现代，Industry X.0已成为一种范式，已成为由数字技术驱动的业务组织的核心。此外，本文借助部署外部工具（也称为FWTPET方案）建立了管对板摩擦焊接技术。此外，采用独特的过盈配合技术将SA213管和SA387管板结合在一起。同样，在有或没有支撑块的情况下评估了该组合部分的强度。随后，采用遗传算法，方差分析和Taguchi L正交阵列设计等解析优化方法来预测最佳连接强度。此外，输入参数包括管子的投影（mm），工具的旋转速度（rpm）和切割深度（mm）。另外，将拉伸强度作为输出参数。另外，根据ASTM线性截距法，通过光学显微镜测量了焊接区周围的晶粒尺寸分布和贱金属的存在。此外，很明显在焊接区发生了晶粒细化，这反过来又增加了抗拉强度。当SA213管和SA387管板通过使用管中没有孔的固定块过盈配合而连接时，可获得出色的焊接强度（拉伸强度）。实验上发现，使用固定块可获得的抗拉强度分别为836.8 MPa（无孔）和789.35 MPa（有孔）。另外，发现在没有保持块的情况下，获得的抗张强度分别为762.2MPa（无孔）和700.8MPa（有孔）。发现预测的（遗传算法）和实验之间的拉伸强度偏差很小。因此，为了获得这种强度，合适的操作参数设置包括工具的转速（1300 rpm），管子的突出长度（1 mm）和带有垫块配置的切削深度（0.5 mm）。

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