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Perish or Publish Dilemma: Challenges to Responsible Authorship

机译：灭亡或出版困境：负责任著作权的挑战

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Controversies related to the concept and practice of responsible authorship and its misuse have been among the most prominent issues discussed in the recent literature on research integrity. Therefore, this paper aims to address the factors that lead to two major types of unethical authorship, namely, honorary and ghost authorship. It also highlights negative consequences of authorship misuse and provides a critical analysis of different authorship guidelines, including a recent debate on the amendments of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) authorship definition. Empirical studies revealed that honorary authorship was the most prevalent deviation from the responsible authorship standards. Three different modalities of honorary authorship were distinguished: , , and . Prevalence of authorship misuse worldwide and in Europe was alarmingly high, covering approximately one third of all scientific publications. No significant differences were reported in authorship misuse between different health research disciplines. The studies conducted in North America highlighted the most effective means to cope with unethical authorship. These were training in publishing ethics, clear authorship policies developed by medical schools, and explicit compliance with the authorship criteria required by the medical journals. In conclusion, more empirical research is needed to raise awareness of the high prevalence of authorship misuse among scientists. Research integrity training courses, including publication ethics and authorship issues should be integrated into the curricula for students and young researchers in medical schools. Last but not least, further discussion on responsible authorship criteria and practice should be initiated.
机译：与负责任作者的概念和实践有关的争议及其滥用已成为最近有关研究完整性的文献中讨论的最突出的问题。因此，本文旨在解决导致两种主要类型的不道德作者身份的因素，即荣誉作者身份和幽灵作者身份。它还强调了作者身份滥用的负面影响，并提供了对不同作者身份准则的批判性分析，包括最近对国际医学杂志编辑委员会（ICMJE）作者身份定义的修订进行的辩论。实证研究表明，荣誉作者身份是与负责任作者身份标准最普遍的偏离。区分了三种不同的荣誉作者身份：，和。在世界范围和欧洲，滥用作者身份的比例惊人地高，覆盖了所有科学出版物的约三分之一。在不同的卫生研究学科之间，关于作者滥用的报道没有显着差异。在北美进行的研究强调了应对不道德作者身份的最有效手段。这些培训包括出版道德规范培训，医学院校制定的明确的作者政策以及明确遵守医学期刊要求的作者标准。总之，需要进行更多的经验研究，以提高人们对科学家滥用作者身份的普遍性的认识。研究完整性培训课程，包括出版道德和作者资格问题，应纳入医学院校学生和年轻研究人员的课程。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，应启动有关负责任作者标准和实践的进一步讨论。

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