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Industrial Application of Nanocelluloses in Papermaking: A Review of Challenges Technical Solutions and Market Perspectives

机译：纳米纤维素在造纸中的工业应用：挑战技术解决方案和市场前景的回顾

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摘要

Nanocelluloses (NC) increase mechanical and barrier paper properties allowing the use of paper in applications actually covered by other materials. Despite the exponential increase of information, NC have not been fully implemented in papermaking yet, due to the challenges of using NC. This paper provides a review of the main new findings and emerging possibilities in this field by focusing mainly on: (i) Decoupling the effects of NC on wet-end and paper properties by using synergies with retention aids, chemical modification, or filler preflocculation; (ii) challenges and solutions related to the incorporation of NC in the pulp suspension and its effects on barrier properties; and (iii) characterization needs of NC at an industrial scale. The paper also includes the market perspectives. It is concluded that to solve these challenges specific solutions are required for each paper product and process, being the wet-end optimization the key to decouple NC effects on drainage and paper properties. Furthermore, the effect of NC on recyclability must also be taken into account to reach a compromise solution. This review helps readers find upscale options for using NC in papermaking and identify further research needs within this field.
机译：纳米纤维素（NC）可以提高机械和隔离纸的性能，从而可以在其他材料实际覆盖的应用中使用纸张。尽管信息呈指数级增长，但是由于使用NC的挑战，NC尚未在造纸中完全实现。本文主要关注以下方面，综述了该领域的主要新发现和新兴可能性：（i）通过与助留剂，化学改性或填料预絮凝的协同作用，将NC对湿端和纸张性能的影响脱钩； （ii）与在纸浆悬浮液中加入NC及其对阻隔性能的影响有关的挑战和解决方案； （iii）在工业规模上表征NC的需求。本文还包括市场观点。结论是，要解决这些挑战，每种纸产品和工艺都需要特定的解决方案，这是湿端优化技术，是消除NC对排水和纸张性能的影响的关键。此外，还必须考虑NC对可回收性的影响，以达成折衷的解决方案。这篇评论可以帮助读者找到在造纸中使用NC的高级选择，并确定该领域的进一步研究需求。

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