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Progress and Challenges in Ex Situ Conservation of Forage Germplasm: Grasses Herbaceous Legumes and Fodder Trees

机译:牧草种质的非原生境保护的进展和挑战:草草本豆类和饲料树

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摘要

Forages provide an important livestock feed resource globally, particularly for millions of smallholder farmers, and have important roles in natural resource management and carbon sequestration, reducing soil erosion and mitigating the effects of climate change. Forage germplasm remains the basis for the selection and development of new, higher-yielding and better adaptedgenotypes to meet the increasing demand for livestock feed. Rapid rates of genetic erosion of forage diversity due to land-use change from natural pastures and rangelands to crop production to meet the food security requirements of a growing global population, together with pressures from a changing climate, highlight the necessity for ex situ seed conservation of forage genetic resources to provide germplasm for use by future generations. Whilst many forage species have orthodox seeds, the diverse range of genera and species which provide forage is a challenge in terms of the wide scope of information and understanding on conservation methods that genebank managers require—particularly for tropical forages, many of which are comparatively under-researched. We review the challenges to the conservation of tropical forage species by seed in ex situ genebanks and provide information on optimum methods for their management.
机译:牧草为全球提供了重要的牲畜饲料资源,尤其是为数百万小农户提供的牲畜饲料资源,在自然资源管理和碳固存,减少水土流失和减轻气候变化的影响方面具有重要作用。饲用种质仍然是选择和开发新的,高产和适应性更好的基因型的基础,以满足对牲畜饲料不断增长的需求。由于从天然牧场和牧场到作物生产的土地利用变化,以满足全球不断增长的人口对粮食安全的需求,导致牧草多样性的遗传侵蚀迅速,再加上气候变化带来的压力,凸显了非原生境保存种子的必要性的草料遗传资源提供种质以供后代使用。尽管许多饲草物种都具有正统种子,但提供种草的属和种的多样性范围对种质库管理者所需的广泛信息和对保护方法的理解(尤其是热带饲草,其中许多相对较-研究。我们回顾了异地基因库中种子保护热带饲草物种所面临的挑战,并提供了有关最佳管理方法的信息。

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