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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Brain Sciences >Parental Education and Youth Inhibitory Control in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study: Blacks’ Diminished Returns
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Parental Education and Youth Inhibitory Control in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study: Blacks’ Diminished Returns

机译：青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究中的父母教育和青年抑制控制：黑人的回报减少

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Background: Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) youth are at a higher risk of high-risk behaviors compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) youth. Some of this racial gap is shown to be due to weaker effects of parental educational attainment on reducing the prevalence of behavioral risk factors such as impulsivity, substance use, aggression, obesity, and poor school performance for NHBs, a pattern called Minorities’ Diminished Returns. These diminishing returns may be due to lower than expected effects of parental education on inhibitory control. Aim: We compared NHW and NHB youth for the effect of parental educational attainment on youth inhibitory control, a psychological and cognitive construct that closely predicts high-risk behaviors such as the use of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis that included 4188 youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The independent variable was parental educational attainment. The main outcome was youth inhibitory control measured by the stop-signal task (SST), which was validated by parent reports on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results: In race/ethnicity-stratified models, high parental educational attainment was associated with a higher level of inhibitory control for NHB than NHW youth. In the pooled sample, race/ethnicity showed a statistically significant interaction with parental educational attainment on youth inhibitory control suggesting that high parental educational attainment has a smaller boosting effect on inhibitory control for NHB than NHW youth. Conclusion: Parental educational attainment boosts inhibitory control for NHW but not NHB youth. To minimize the racial gap in youth brain development, we need to address societal barriers that diminish the returns of family economic and human resources, particularly parental educational attainment, for racial and ethnic minority youth. Social and public policies should address structural and societal barriers such as social stratification, segregation, racism, and discrimination that hinder NHB parents’ abilities to effectively mobilize their human resources and secure tangible outcomes for their developing youth.
机译：背景：与非西班牙裔白人（NHW）青年相比，非西班牙裔黑人（NHB）青年处于高风险行为的风险更高。种族差异的出现部分是由于父母的受教育程度对降低行为风险因素（如冲动性，吸毒，攻击性，肥胖和NHB的学习成绩差）的流行影响较弱，这种模式被称为“少数群体收益减少” 。这些收益递减可能是由于父母教育对抑制控制的影响低于预期。目的：我们比较了NHW和NHB青年对父母教育程度对青年抑制控制的影响，青年抑制控制是一种心理和认知结构，可以密切预测高风险行为，例如吸毒，酗酒和吸烟。方法：这是一项横断面分析，其中包括来自青少年脑认知发展（ABCD）研究的4188名青年。独立变量是父母的受教育程度。主要结果是通过停止信号任务（SST）进行的青年抑制控制，该控制已通过儿童行为清单（CBCL）上的父母报告进行了验证。结果：在种族/族裔分层模型中，父母的高学历与对NHB的抑制控制水平高于NHW青年。在汇总样本中，种族/族裔与父母的受教育程度在青年抑制控制上具有统计学显着的相互作用，表明父母的受教育程度高对NHB的抑制控制比NHW青年具有较小的促进作用。结论：父母的受教育程度可增强对NHW的抑制性控制，但不能增强NHB青年的抑制性。为了最大程度地减少青年人大脑发育中的种族差距，我们需要解决社会障碍，这些障碍会减少种族和少数民族青年家庭经济和人力资源（尤其是父母的受教育程度）的回报。社会和公共政策应解决社会分层，种族隔离，种族主义和歧视等结构性和社会性障碍，这些障碍会阻碍NHB父母有效调动其人力资源并确保其发展中的青年取得切实成果的能力。

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