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Mitochondrial OXPHOS Biogenesis: Co-Regulation of Protein Synthesis Import and Assembly Pathways

机译:线粒体OXPHOS生物发生:蛋白质合成进口和组装途径的共同监管。

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摘要

The assembly of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes is an intricate process, which—given their dual-genetic control—requires tight co-regulation of two evolutionarily distinct gene expression machineries. Moreover, fine-tuning protein synthesis to the nascent assembly of OXPHOS complexes requires regulatory mechanisms such as translational plasticity and translational activators that can coordinate mitochondrial translation with the import of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. The intricacy of OXPHOS complex biogenesis is further evidenced by the requirement of many tightly orchestrated steps and ancillary factors. Early-stage ancillary chaperones have essential roles in coordinating OXPHOS assembly, whilst late-stage assembly factors—also known as the LYRM (leucine–tyrosine–arginine motif) proteins—together with the mitochondrial acyl carrier protein (ACP)—regulate the incorporation and activation of late-incorporating OXPHOS subunits and/or co-factors. In this review, we describe recent discoveries providing insights into the mechanisms required for optimal OXPHOS biogenesis, including the coordination of mitochondrial gene expression with the availability of nuclear-encoded factors entering via mitochondrial protein import systems.
机译:线粒体氧化磷酸化(OXPHOS)复合物的组装是一个复杂的过程,鉴于其双重遗传控制,它要求对两个在进化上不同的基因表达机制进行严格的共调节。此外,将蛋白质合成微调到OXPHOS复合物的新生组装需要调节机制,例如翻译可塑性和翻译激活剂,它们可以协调线粒体翻译与核编码的线粒体蛋白的导入。 OXPHOS复杂生物发生的复杂性通过许多紧密协调的步骤和辅助因素的要求得到了进一步证明。早期辅助分子伴侣在协调OXPHOS装配中起着重要作用,而后期装配因子(也称为LYRM(亮氨酸-酪氨酸-精氨酸基序)蛋白)与线粒体酰基载体蛋白(ACP)一起调节着结合和后期结合的OXPHOS亚基和/或辅因子的激活。在这篇综述中,我们描述了最近的发现,这些发现提供了对最佳OXPHOS生物发生所需机制的见解,包括线粒体基因表达与通过线粒体蛋白质导入系统进入的核编码因子的协调性。

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