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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >The Importance of an Active Case Detection (ACD) Programme for Malaria among Migrants from Malaria Endemic Countries: The Greek Experience in a Receptive and Vulnerable Area
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The Importance of an Active Case Detection (ACD) Programme for Malaria among Migrants from Malaria Endemic Countries: The Greek Experience in a Receptive and Vulnerable Area

机译：在疟疾流行国家的移民中积极开展疟疾病例检测（ACD）计划的重要性：希腊在易受伤害地区的经验

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Greece has been malaria-free since 1974. In October 2011, following an outbreak of 36 locally acquired malaria (LAM) cases in Evrotas Municipality, a Pro-Active Case Detection (PACD) program for malaria was implemented among migrants from malaria-endemic countries, to support early diagnosis and treatment of cases. We evaluated the PACD program for the years 2012–2017 using indicators such as the number of locally acquired cases, the detection rate/sensitivity and the timeliness of diagnosis and treatment. We visited each migrant home every 7–15 days to screen migrants for malaria symptoms, performing Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) and blood smears on symptomatic patients. We estimated: (i) the number of malaria cases detected by the PACD, divided by the total number of reported malaria cases during the same period among the same population; (ii) the time between onset of symptoms, diagnosis and initiation of treatment. The total number of migrants who were screened for malaria symptoms for the years 2012–2017 was 5057 with 84,169 fever screenings conducted, while 2288 RDTs and 1736 blood smears were performed. During the same period, 53 imported malaria cases were detected, while incidence of malaria among migrants was estimated at 1.8% annually. Ten and one LAM cases were also reported in 2012 and 2015, respectively. Sensitivity of PACD ranged from 86% to 100%; median timeliness between onset of symptoms and diagnosis decreased from 72 h in 2012 to 12 h in 2017 (83% decrease), while timeliness between diagnosis and treatment initiation was 0 h. The implementation of PACD could be considered an effective prevention and response tool against malaria re-introduction.
机译：希腊自1974年以来一直没有疟疾。2011年10月，在埃夫罗塔斯市爆发了36例本地获得性疟疾病例之后，疟疾流行国家的移民实施了积极主动的疟疾病例检测（PACD）计划，支持病例的早期诊断和治疗。我们使用指标（例如本地获得病例数，检出率/敏感性以及诊断和治疗的及时性）评估了2012-2017年的PACD计划。我们每7到15天访问每个移民家，以筛查移民的疟疾症状，对有症状的患者进行快速诊断测试（RDT）和血液涂片检查。我们估计：（i）PACD发现的疟疾病例数除以同一时期同一人群中报告的疟疾病例总数; （ii）症状发作，诊断和开始治疗之间的时间。 2012-2017年间接受疟疾症状筛查的移民总数为5057人，进行了84,169例发烧筛查，同时进行了2288次RDT和1736次血液涂片检查。在同一时期，发现了53例进口疟疾病例，而移民中的疟疾发病率估计为每年1.8％。 2012年和2015年也分别报告了10例和1例LAM病例。 PACD的灵敏度范围为86％至100％;症状发作和诊断之间的中位及时性从2012年的72小时降低到2017年的12小时（下降83％），而诊断和治疗开始之间的及时性为0小时。 PACD的实施可被视为防止再次引入疟疾的有效预防和应对工具。

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