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Context‐dependent role of selective attention for change detection in multi‐speaker scenes

机译：选择性关注在多说话者场景中检测变化时取决于上下文的作用

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摘要

Disappearance of a voice or other sound source may often go unnoticed when the auditory scene is crowded. We explored the role of selective attention for this change deafness with magnetoencephalography in multi‐speaker scenes. Each scene was presented two times in direct succession, and one target speaker was frequently omitted in Scene 2. When listeners were previously cued to the target speaker, activity in auditory cortex time locked to the target speaker's sound envelope was selectively enhanced in Scene 1, as was determined by a cross‐correlation analysis. Moreover, the response was stronger for hit trials than for miss trials, confirming that selective attention played a role for subsequent change detection. If selective attention to the streams where the change occurred was generally required for successful change detection, neural enhancement of this stream would also be expected without cue in hit compared to miss trials. However, when listeners were not previously cued to the target, no enhanced activity for the target speaker was observed for hit trials, and there was no significant difference between hit and miss trials. These results, first, confirm a role for attention in change detection for situations where the target source is known. Second, they suggest that the omission of a speaker, or more generally an auditory stream, can alternatively be detected without selective attentional enhancement of the target stream. Several models and strategies could be envisaged for change detection in this case, including global comparison of the subsequent scenes.
机译：当听觉场景拥挤时，语音或其他声源的消失通常可能不会被注意到。我们探讨了在多说话者场景中磁脑电图对这种改变性耳聋的选择性注意的作用。每个场景连续连续出现两次，并且在场景2中经常省略一位目标说话人。当先前向听众提示听众时，在场景1中有选择地增强了锁定到目标说话人声音包络的听觉皮层时间的活动。由互相关分析确定。而且，命中试验的反应比未命中试验的反应要强，这证实了选择性注意在随后的变化检测中发挥了作用。如果成功地检测到变更通常需要选择性地注意发生变更的流，那么与未命中试验相比，也有望在没有命中提示的情况下对该流进行神经增强。但是，当听众先前没有被提示到目标时，在命中试验中未观察到目标说话者的活动增强，命中和未命中试验之间也没有显着差异。首先，这些结果确认了在已知目标源的情况下进行更改检测时应注意的作用。其次，他们建议可以选择检测讲话者（或更一般而言是听觉流）的缺失，而无需选择性关注目标流。在这种情况下，可以设想几种模型和策略来进行变化检测，包括后续场景的全局比较。

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