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Insight into the Sustainable Integration of Bio- and Petroleum Refineries for the Production of Fuels and Chemicals

机译：对生物和石油精炼厂可持续整合以生产燃料和化学品的见解

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A petroleum refinery heavily depends on crude oil as its main feedstock to produce liquid fuels and chemicals. In the long term, this unyielding dependency is threatened by the depletion of the crude oil reserve. However, in the short term, its price highly fluctuates due to various factors, such as regional and global security instability causing additional complexity on refinery production planning. The petroleum refining industries are also drawing criticism and pressure due to their direct and indirect impacts on the environment. The exhaust gas emission of automobiles apart from the industrial and power plant emission has been viewed as the cause of global warming. In this sense, there is a need for a feasible, sustainable, and environmentally friendly generation process of fuels and chemicals. The attention turns to the utilization of biomass as a potential feedstock to produce substitutes for petroleum-derived fuels and building blocks for biochemicals. Biomass is abundant and currently is still low in utilization. The biorefinery, a facility to convert biomass into biofuels and biochemicals, is still lacking in competitiveness to a petroleum refinery. An attractive solution that addresses both is by the integration of bio- and petroleum refineries. In this context, the right decision making in the process selection and technologies can lower the investment and operational costs and assure optimum yield. Process optimization based on mathematical programming has been extensively used to conduct techno-economic and sustainability analysis for bio-, petroleum, and the integration of both refineries. This paper provides insights into the context of crude oil and biomass as potential refinery feedstocks. The current optimization status of either bio- or petroleum refineries and their integration is reviewed with the focus on the methods to solve the multi-objective optimization problems. Internal and external uncertain parameters are important aspects in process optimization. The nature of these uncertain parameters and their representation methods in process optimization are also discussed.
机译：一家石油精炼厂严重依赖原油作为生产液体燃料和化学品的主要原料。从长远来看，这种不屈不挠的依赖性受到原油储备枯竭的威胁。但是，在短期内，由于各种因素（例如区域和全球安全性不稳定）导致其价格大幅波动，导致炼油厂生产计划更加复杂。由于对环境的直接和间接影响，石油精炼行业也受到批评和压力。除了工业和发电厂的排放外，汽车的废气排放被认为是导致全球变暖的原因。从这个意义上讲，需要一种可行的，可持续的和环境友好的燃料和化学品的生成过程。注意力转向利用生物质作为潜在的原料来生产石油衍生燃料的替代品和生物化学原料。生物质丰富，目前利用率仍然很低。生物精炼厂是一种将生物质转化为生物燃料和生化物质的设施，但仍缺乏对石油精炼厂的竞争力。解决这两个问题的一个有吸引力的解决方案是将生物和石油精炼厂整合在一起。在这种情况下，正确的过程选择和技术决策可以降低投资和运营成本，并确保最佳产量。基于数学编程的过程优化已被广泛用于对生物，石油以及两家精炼厂进行整合的技术经济和可持续性分析。本文提供了对原油和生物质作为潜在炼厂原料的背景的见解。本文以解决多目标优化问题的方法为重点，综述了生物或石油精炼厂的当前优化状况及其整合。内部和外部不确定参数是过程优化中的重要方面。还讨论了这些不确定参数的性质及其在过程优化中的表示方法。

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