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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Molecules >Nutrient and Sensory Metabolites Profiling of Averrhoa Carambola L. (Starfruit) in the Context of Its Origin and Ripening Stage by GC/MS and Chemometric Analysis
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Nutrient and Sensory Metabolites Profiling of Averrhoa Carambola L. (Starfruit) in the Context of Its Origin and Ripening Stage by GC/MS and Chemometric Analysis

机译：通过化学气相色谱/质谱法和化学计量学分析杨桃的起源和成熟阶段的营养和感官代谢产物谱

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L. is a tropical tree with edible fruit that grows at different climatic conditions. Despite its nutritive value and reported health benefits, it is a controversial fruit owing to its rich oxalate content. The present study aimed at investigating aroma and nutrient primary metabolites distribution in fruits grown in Indonesia, Malaysia (its endemic origin) versus Egypt, and at different ripening stages. Two techniques were employed to assess volatile and non-volatile metabolites including headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) joined with gas chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-MS post silylation, respectively. Twenty-four volatiles were detected, with esters amounting for the major class of volatiles in Egyptian fruit at ca. 66%, with methyl caproate as the major component, distinguishing it from other origins. In contrast, aldehydes predominated tropically grown fruits with the ether myristicin found exclusively in these. Primary metabolites profiling led to the identification of 117 metabolites viz. sugars, polyols and organic acids. Fructose (38–48%) and glucose (21–25%) predominated sugar compositions in ripe fruits, whereas sorbitol was the major sugar alcohol (2.4–10.5%) in ripe fruits as well. Oxalic acid, an anti-nutrient with potential health risks, was the major organic acid detected in all the studied fruits (1.7–2.7%), except the Malaysian one (0.07%). It increases upon fruit ripening, including considerable amounts of volatile oxalate esters detected via SPME, and which must not be omitted in total oxalate determinations for safety assessments.
机译：L.是一棵热带树木，带有可食用的果实，可在不同的气候条件下生长。尽管它具有营养价值并据称对健康有益，但由于其草酸含量丰富，因此是有争议的水果。本研究旨在调查在印度尼西亚，马来西亚（其特有起源）与埃及以及在不同成熟阶段种植的水果中的香气和营养初级代谢产物分布。两种技术分别用于评估挥发性和非挥发性代谢物，包括顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME），气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）和甲硅烷基化后的GC-MS。检测到二十四种挥发物，其中酯类占埃及水果中约一千种主要挥发物。 66％的产品以己酸甲酯为主要成分，与其他来源有所不同。相比之下，醛类主要是热带种植的水果，而醚类肉豆蔻苷则专门存在于这些水果中。初级代谢产物谱图鉴定了117种代谢产物。糖，多元醇和有机酸。成熟水果中的糖成分以果糖（38–48％）和葡萄糖（21–25％）为主，而成熟水果中山梨糖醇也是主要的糖醇（2.4–10.5％）。草酸是一种具有潜在健康风险的抗营养素，是所有研究过的水果中检出的主要有机酸（1.7％至2.7％），马来西亚水果除外（0.07％）。在果实成熟时，它会增加，包括通过SPME检测到的大量挥发性草酸酯，为安全性评估，在总草酸酯测定中一定不能忽略这些挥发性草酸酯。

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