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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Molecules >Detecting Low Concentrations of Nitrogen-Based Adulterants in Whey Protein Powder Using Benchtop and Handheld NIR Spectrometers and the Feasibility of Scanning through Plastic Bag
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Detecting Low Concentrations of Nitrogen-Based Adulterants in Whey Protein Powder Using Benchtop and Handheld NIR Spectrometers and the Feasibility of Scanning through Plastic Bag

机译：使用台式和手持近红外光谱仪检测乳清蛋白粉中低浓度的氮基掺杂物以及通过塑料袋扫描的可行性

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摘要

Nitrogen-rich adulterants in protein powders present sensitivity challenges to conventional combustion methods of protein determination which can be overcome by near Infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). NIRS is a rapid analytical method with high sensitivity and non-invasive advantages. This study developed robust models using benchtop and handheld spectrometers to predict low concentrations of urea, glycine, taurine, and melamine in whey protein powder (WPP). Effectiveness of scanning samples through optical glass and polyethylene bags was also tested for the handheld NIRS. WPP was adulterated up to six concentration levels from 0.5% to 3% / . The two spectrometers were used to obtain three datasets of 819 diffuse reflectance spectra each that were pretreated before linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and regression (PLSR). Pretreatment was effective and revealed important absorption bands that could be correlated with the chemical properties of the mixtures. Benchtop NIR spectrometer showed the best results in LDA and PLSR but handheld NIR spectrometers showed comparatively good results. There were high prediction accuracies and low errors attesting to the robustness of the developed PLSR models using independent test set validation. Both the plastic bag and optical glass gave good results with accuracies depending on the adulterant of interest and can be used for field applications.
机译：蛋白质粉中的富氮掺杂剂对蛋白质测定的常规燃烧方法提出了敏感性挑战，可以通过近红外光谱法（NIRS）克服。 NIRS是一种具有高灵敏度和非侵入性优势的快速分析方法。这项研究使用台式和手持式光谱仪开发了稳健的模型，以预测乳清蛋白粉（WPP）中尿素，甘氨酸，牛磺酸和三聚氰胺的低浓度。还通过手持式NIRS测试了通过光学玻璃和聚乙烯袋扫描样品的效率。 WPP的掺杂浓度从0.5％到3％/达到六个浓度水平。使用这两个光谱仪获得了819个漫反射光谱的三个数据集，每个数据集都在线性判别分析（LDA）和回归（PLSR）之前进行了预处理。预处理是有效的，并显示出重要的吸收带，该吸收带可能与混合物的化学性质相关。台式近红外光谱仪在LDA和PLSR中显示出最佳结果，而手持式近红外光谱仪则显示出相对较好的结果。使用独立的测试集验证可证明已开发的PLSR模型的稳健性具有较高的预测准确性和较低的误差。塑料袋和光学玻璃都可以根据目标掺假剂的不同获得良好的结果，并可用于现场应用。

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