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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Elsevier Public Health Emergency Collection >Virus diseases of farmed shrimp in the Western Hemisphere (the Americas): A review
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Virus diseases of farmed shrimp in the Western Hemisphere (the Americas): A review

机译：西半球（美洲）养殖虾的病毒病：回顾

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Penaeid shrimp aquaculture is an important industry in the Americas, and the industry is based almost entirely on the culture of the Pacific White Shrimp, . Western Hemisphere shrimp farmers in 14 countries in 2004 produced more than 200,000 metric tons of shrimp, generated more than $2 billion in revenue, and employed more than 500,000 people. Disease has had a major impact on shrimp aquaculture in the Americas since it became a significant commercial entity in the 1970s. Diseases due to viruses, rickettsial-like bacteria, true bacteria, protozoa, and fungi have emerged as major diseases of farmed shrimp in the region. Many of the bacterial, fungal and protozoan caused diseases are managed using improved culture practices, routine sanitation, and the use of chemotherapeutics. However, the virus diseases have been far more problematic to manage and they have been responsible for the most costly epizootics. Examples include the Taura syndrome pandemic that began in 1991–1992 when the disease emerged in Ecuador, and the subsequent White Spot Disease pandemic that followed its introduction to Central America from Asia in 1999. Because of their socioeconomic significance to shrimp farming, seven of the nine crustacean diseases listed by the World Animal Organization (OIE) are virus diseases of shrimp. Of the seven virus diseases of penaeid shrimp, five are native to the Americas or have become enzootic following their introduction. The shrimp virus diseases in the Americas are increasingly being managed by exclusion using a combination of biosecurity and the practice of culturing domesticated specific pathogen-free (SPF) stocks or specific pathogen-resistant (SPR) stocks. Despite the significant challenges posed by disease, the shrimp farming industry of the Americas has responded to the challenges posed by disease and it has developed methods to manage its diseases and mature into a sustainable industry.
机译：对虾对虾养殖是美洲的重要产业，该产业几乎完全基于太平洋白对虾的养殖。 2004年，西半球的14个国家的虾农生产了200,000吨虾，创造了超过20亿美元的收入，并雇用了500,000多人。自从1970年代病害成为重要的商业实体以来，该病已对美洲的虾类水产养殖产生重大影响。由病毒，类立克次氏菌，真细菌，原生动物和真菌引起的疾病已成为该区域养殖对虾的主要疾病。许多细菌，真菌和原生动物引起的疾病都可以通过改善养殖习惯，常规卫生条件和化学治疗来控制。但是，病毒疾病的管理难度更大，它们是造成最昂贵的动物流行病的原因。例如，塔拉综合症大流行始于1991-1992年，当时该病在厄瓜多尔出现，随后发生的白斑病大流行是在1999年从亚洲传入中美洲之后。由于它们对虾养殖具有社会经济意义，因此其中的七个世界动物组织（OIE）列出的九种甲壳类疾病是虾的病毒性疾病。在对虾的七种病毒疾病中，有五种是美洲原住民的，或在引入后已成为动物共生的。在美洲，虾类病毒病正越来越多地通过生物安全性与养殖驯化的特定无病原体（SPF）种群或特定抗病原体（SPR）种群的实践相结合的方式进行排除。尽管疾病带来了巨大的挑战，但美洲对虾养殖业已经对疾病带来的挑战做出了回应，并已开发出管理疾病的方法，并逐渐发展成为可持续的产业。

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