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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Elsevier Public Health Emergency Collection >Passive immunisation an old idea revisited: Basic principles and application to modern animal production systems
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Passive immunisation an old idea revisited: Basic principles and application to modern animal production systems

机译：被动免疫一个古老的想法被重新审视：基本原理及其在现代动物生产系统中的应用

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Immunisation by administration of antibodies (immunoglobulins) has been known for more than one hundred years as a very efficient means of obtaining immediate, short-lived protection against infection and/or against the disease-causing effects of toxins from microbial pathogens and from other sources. Thus, due to its rapid action, passive immunisation is often used to treat disease caused by infection and/or toxin exposure. However immunoglobulins may also be administered prior to exposure to infection and/or toxin, although they will not provide long-lasting protection as is seen with active immunisation (vaccination) in which an immunological memory is established by controlled exposure of the host to the pathogen in question. With multi-factorial infectious diseases in production animals, especially those that have proven hard to control by vaccination, the potential of passive immunisation remains big. This review highlights a number of examples on the use of passive immunisation for the control of infectious disease in the modern production of a range of animals, including pigs, cattle, sheep, goat, poultry and fish. Special emphasis is given on the enablement of passive immunisation strategies in these production systems through low cost and ease of use as well as on the sources, composition and purity of immunoglobulin preparations used and their benefits as compared to current measures, including vaccination (also comprising maternal vaccination), antibiotics and feed additives such as spray-dried plasma. It is concluded that provided highly efficient, relatively low-price immunoglobulin products are available, passive immunisation has a clear role in the modern animal production sector as a means of controlling infectious diseases, importantly with a very low risk of causing development of bacterial resistance, thus constituting a real and widely applicable alternative to antibiotics.
机译：一百多年以来，通过施用抗体（免疫球蛋白）进行免疫是一种非常有效的方法，可立即获得短期的保护，防止感染和/或抵抗来自微生物病原体和其他来源的毒素的致病作用。因此，由于其迅速的作用，被动免疫常被用于治疗由感染和/或毒素暴露引起的疾病。然而，免疫球蛋白也可以在暴露于感染和/或毒素之前给予，尽管它们不能提供持久的保护，正如主动免疫（疫苗接种）所见，主动免疫（疫苗接种）是通过宿主对病原体的受控暴露来建立免疫记忆的问题。在生产性动物中存在多种因素的传染病，尤其是那些已证明难以通过疫苗控制的传染病，被动免疫的潜力仍然很大。这篇综述着重介绍了在现代生产包括猪，牛，羊，山羊，家禽和鱼类在内的一系列动物中使用被动免疫控制传染病的许多例子。特别强调通过低成本和易用性在这些生产系统中实现被动免疫策略，以及所用免疫球蛋白制剂的来源，组成和纯度以及与当前措施（包括疫苗接种）相比的好处（还包括产妇接种疫苗），抗生素和饲料添加剂（如喷雾干燥的血浆）。结论是，只要有高效，价格相对较低的免疫球蛋白产品可供使用，被动免疫在现代动物生产部门中作为控制传染病的手段就具有明显的作用，重要的是引起细菌耐药性发展的风险非常低，因此构成了抗生素的真正广泛应用的替代品。

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