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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI >Efficiency of Crude Protein Utilisation in Grazing Dairy Cows: A Case Study Comparing Two Production Systems Differing in Intensification Level in New Zealand
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Efficiency of Crude Protein Utilisation in Grazing Dairy Cows: A Case Study Comparing Two Production Systems Differing in Intensification Level in New Zealand

机译：放牧奶牛粗蛋白利用效率：比较新西兰集约化水平不同的两种生产系统的案例研究

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摘要

Improving the dietary crude protein utilisation in dairy cows is a key aspect of agronomically and environmentally sustainable production systems. The intensification process of grazing dairy systems identified with the increase of milking cows linked with the addition of supplementary feed along with the increasing use, and particularly inefficient use, of nitrogen fertiliser, has led to increasing pressure on the environment. However, feeding solely on pasture could result in an excess of crude protein intake relative to nutritional requirements, and this could reduce the dietary crude protein utilisation. In this study, we modelled the dietary crude protein utilisation, along with nitrogen excreta partitioning of milking cows, of two contrasting spring-calving pasture-based herds differing in intensification level in New Zealand. We found that feeding diets with higher fresh pasture proportions, such as those employed in low-intensification dairy systems, led to an excess of crude protein intake with greater nitrogen partitioned towards urine, which is sensitive in terms of body water eutrophication. In the high-intensity production system, the inclusion of low-crude protein supplements resulted in better dietary crude protein utilisation, along with less urinary nitrogen losses.
机译：提高奶牛的饮食中粗蛋白的利用率是农业和环境可持续生产系统的关键方面。随着奶牛数量的增加和补充饲料的添加，以及氮肥的使用（尤其是效率低下）的增加，放牧奶牛系统的集约化进程导致了环境压力的增加。但是，仅在牧场上觅食可能导致相对于营养需求而摄入过量的粗蛋白，这可能会减少膳食中粗蛋白的利用。在这项研究中，我们模拟了在新西兰，两种不同的春季产犊牧场牧场集约化程度不同的日粮利用粗蛋白和奶牛的氮排泄物进行分配。我们发现，饲喂高牧草比例的饮食（例如在低强度奶牛系统中使用的饮食）会导致摄入过多的粗蛋白，而氮更多地分配给尿液，这对人体富营养化水很敏感。在高强度生产系统中，添加低粗蛋白补充剂可提高膳食粗蛋白的利用率，并减少尿中氮的流失。

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