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Durability and Strength Characteristics of Casein-Cemented Sand with Slag

机译：镶嵌渣渣砂砂砂的耐久性和强度特性

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Casein is often used as an eco-friendly wood adhesive. In this study, we used casein for soil cementation by mixing it with Jumunjin sand, sodium hydroxide (SH), and calcium hydroxide (CH) as a standard casein formula. The modified casein binder with different proportions of SH and CH was applied to improve water resistance. Furthermore, a blast furnace slag (BFS) was additionally mixed and reacted with alkalinity of modified casein binder. Thus, three types (standard, modified, and modified + BFS, referred to as STD, MOD, and MBS, hereafter) of casein binders were tested for durability and strength of casein-cemented sand. A piezoelectric sensor was installed within each sample to determine the curing time of the casein-cemented samples. The samples were air-cured at room temperature for seven days and some were repeatedly immersed in water thrice. Unconfined compression and jar slake tests were carried out to evaluate the strength and durability of the casein-cemented sand. Also, the microstructure was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). We observed variations of peak conductance and corresponding frequency converged as the curing time increased. It was most significant for the MBS samples, which developed strength early. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the air-cured samples was higher than those repeatedly immersed in water due to wash-off of the casein binder. The UCS of the dry MBS sample was 9900 kPa while that of the immersed sample was 430 kPa, which gradually decreased to 60 kPa upon repeated immersion. The samples with STD and MOD had no resistance to durability and showed cracks on the surface, while the MBS sample exhibited significantly improved durability and no cracks. We found that the MBS binder had a positively significant effect on the durability and strength of casein-cemented sand.
机译：酪蛋白通常用作环保木材粘合剂。在本研究中，我们通过将其与Jumunjin Sand，氢氧化钠（SH）和氢氧化钙（CH）混合为标准酪蛋白配方，使用酪蛋白。应用具有不同比例的SH和CH的改性酪蛋白粘合剂以改善耐水性。此外，另外混合高炉炉渣（BFS）并与改性酪蛋白粘合剂的碱度反应。因此，测试了三种类型（标准，改性和修饰+ BFS，称为STD，MOD和MBS，下文）用于酪蛋白粘合砂的耐久性和强度。将压电传感器安装在每个样品内以确定酪蛋白粘合样品的固化时间。将样品在室温下空气固化七天，有些在水中重复浸入水中。进行了不包含束的压缩和罐子拼接试验，以评估酪蛋白粘液砂的强度和耐久性。而且，使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析微观结构。当固化时间增加时，我们观察了峰值电导和相应的频率的变化。它对于MBS样本最重要的是，早期发展强度。由于酪蛋白粘合剂的冲洗，空气固化样品的不连续的压缩强度（UCS）高于浸入水中的那些。干燥MBS样品的UCS为9900kPa，而浸渍样品的含量为430kPa，重复浸渍后逐渐降低至60kPa。具有STD和MOD的样品对耐久性没有抵抗力，并且在表面上显示裂缝，而MBS样品表现出显着提高的耐久性和裂缝。我们发现MBS粘合剂对酪蛋白粘液砂的耐久性和强度产生了积极的影响。

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