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A modelling study to evaluate the effect of impure CO2 on reservoir performance in a sandstone saline aquifer

机译：一种造型研究以评价纯度二氧化碳对砂岩盐水含水层储层性能的影响

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Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is expected to play a key role in meeting greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets. In the UK Southern North Sea, the Bunter Sandstone formation (BSF) has been identified as a potential reservoir which can store very large amounts of CO . The formation has fairly good porosity and permeability and is sealed with both effective caprock and base rock, making CO storage feasible at industrial scale. However, when CO is captured, it typically contains impurities, which may shift the boundaries of the CO phase diagram, implying that higher costs will be needed for storage operations. In this study, we modelled the effect of CO and impurities (NO , SO , H S) on the reservoir performance of the BSF. The injection of CO at constant rate and pressure using a single horizontal well injection strategy was simulated for up to 30 years, as well as an additional 30 years of monitoring. The results suggest that impurities in the CO stream affect injectivity differently, but the effects are usually encountered during early stages of injection into the BSF and may not necessarily affect cumulative injection over an extended period. It was also found that porosity of the storage site is the most important factor controlling the limits on injection. The simulations also suggest that CO remains secured within the reservoir for 30 years after injection is completed, indicating that no post-injection leakage is anticipated.
机译：预计碳捕获和储存（CCS）将在满足温室气体排放减少目标方面发挥关键作用。在英国南北北海，麻风机砂岩地层（BSF）已被确定为潜在的水库，可以存储非常大量的CO。该形成具有相当良好的孔隙率和渗透性，并用有效的支架和基础岩石密封，在工业规模中制造CO储存。然而，当捕获CO时，它通常包含杂质，其可以改变共相图的边界，这意味着存储操作需要更高的成本。在这项研究中，我们建模了CO和杂质（不，所以，H S）对BSF的储层性能的影响。使用单一水平孔注入策略的恒定速率和压力注入CO，长达30年，以及额外的30年监测。结果表明，CO流中的杂质不同地影响着注射性，但通常在注射到BSF的早期阶段期间遇到效果，并且可能不一定会影响较长时期的累积注射。还发现储存部位的孔隙率是控制注射限制的最重要因素。模拟还表明，注射完成后30年内储存器中的CO保留，表明未预期注射后泄漏。

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