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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings. Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences >Extensive layer clouds in the global electric circuit: their effects on vertical charge distribution and storage
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Extensive layer clouds in the global electric circuit: their effects on vertical charge distribution and storage

机译：全球电路中的广泛层云：它们对垂直电荷分布和存储的影响

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摘要

A fair-weather electric field has been observed near the Earth's surface for over two centuries. The field is sustained by charge generation in distant disturbed weather regions, through current flow in the global electric circuit. Conventionally, the fair-weather part of the global circuit has disregarded clouds, but extensive layer clouds, important to climate, are widespread globally. Such clouds are not electrically inert, becoming charged at their upper and lower horizontal boundaries from vertical current flow, in a new electrical regime—neither fair nor disturbed weather; hence it is described here as . Calculations and measurements show the upper cloud boundary charge is usually positive, the cloud interior positive and the lower cloud boundary negative, with the upper charge density larger, but of the same magnitude (∼nC m ) as cloud base. Globally, the total positive charge stored by layer clouds is approximately 10 C, which, combined with the positive charge in the atmospheric column above the cloud up to the ionosphere, balances the total negative surface charge of the fair-weather regions. Extensive layer clouds are, therefore, an intrinsic aspect of the global circuit, and the resulting natural charging of their cloud droplets is a fundamental atmospheric feature.

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