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Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase—A Gatekeeper of Physiological Conditions in Health and a Modulator of Biological Environments in Disease

机译:组织非特异性碱性磷酸酶 - 健康生理条件的守门人和疾病中生物环境的调节剂

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摘要

Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme that is best known for its role during mineralization processes in bones and skeleton. The enzyme metabolizes phosphate compounds like inorganic pyrophosphate and pyridoxal-5′-phosphate to provide, among others, inorganic phosphate for the mineralization and transportable vitamin B6 molecules. Patients with inherited loss of function mutations in the ALPL gene and consequently altered TNAP activity are suffering from the rare metabolic disease hypophosphatasia (HPP). This systemic disease is mainly characterized by impaired bone and dental mineralization but may also be accompanied by neurological symptoms, like anxiety disorders, seizures, and depression. HPP characteristically affects all ages and shows a wide range of clinical symptoms and disease severity, which results in the classification into different clinical subtypes. This review describes the molecular function of TNAP during the mineralization of bones and teeth, further discusses the current knowledge on the enzyme’s role in the nervous system and in sensory perception. An additional focus is set on the molecular role of TNAP in health and on functional observations reported in common laboratory vertebrate disease models, like rodents and zebrafish.
机译:组织非特异性碱性磷酸酶(TNAP)是一种普遍意表达的酶,其在骨骼和骨架中的矿化过程中的作用是其作用。酶代谢磷酸化合物,如无机焦磷酸盐和吡哆醛-5'-磷酸盐,其中包括无机磷酸盐,用于矿化和可转运维生素B6分子。具有丙烯基因中遗传功能突变丧失的患者,因此改变的TNAP活性患有罕见的代谢疾病次磷(HPP)。这种全身性病主要是骨骼和牙科矿化受损的特征,但也可能伴有神经症状,如焦虑症,癫痫发作和抑郁症。 HPP特征性地影响所有年龄段,并显示出广泛的临床症状和疾病严重程度,从而导致分类为不同的临床亚型。该综述描述了TNAP在骨骼和牙齿的矿化期间的分子功能,进一步讨论了目前对神经系统中的作用和感官感知的目前的知识。额外的重点是TNAP在健康中的分子作用以及在普通实验室脊椎动物疾病模型中报告的功能观察,如啮齿动物和斑马鱼。

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