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Macroevolutionary integration of phenotypes within and across ant worker castes

机译:蚂蚁工人内部和蚂蚁工艺内容型的宏观调度整合

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摘要

Phenotypic traits are often integrated into evolutionary modules: sets of organismal parts that evolve together. In social insect colonies, the concepts of integration and modularity apply to sets of traits both within and among functionally and phenotypically differentiated castes. On macroevolutionary timescales, patterns of integration and modularity within and across castes can be clues to the selective and ecological factors shaping their evolution and diversification. We develop a set of hypotheses describing contrasting patterns of worker integration and apply this framework in a broad (246 species) comparative analysis of major and minor worker evolution in the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole. Using geometric morphometrics in a phylogenetic framework, we inferred fast and tightly integrated evolution of mesosoma shape between major and minor workers, but slower and more independent evolution of head shape between the two worker castes. Thus, Pheidole workers are evolving as a mixture of intracaste and intercaste integration and rate heterogeneity. The decoupling of homologous traits across worker castes may represent an important process facilitating the rise of social complexity.
机译:表型性状通常集成到进化模块中:在一起发展的一组有机体部分。在社交昆虫殖民地中,集成和模块化的概念适用于在功能上和表型分化的外部内部和中的特征。在宏观调度时间尺度上,集成内部和跨越的模块化模式可以是选择性和生态因素的线索,其塑造它们的演化和多样化。我们开发了一组假设,描述了工人集成的对比模式,并在广泛的(246种)的比较分析Hyperdiverse蚂蚁属Pheidole中的主要和次要工人演进中的比较分析。在系统发育框架中使用几何形态化学,我们推断了主要和次要工人之间的嗜蛋白酶体形状的快速和紧密综合演化,但两名工人群之间的头部形状较慢和更独立地演变。因此,Pheidole工人正在演变为内部内部和次生酸息和速率异质性的混合物。跨工作人员的同源性状的去耦可能代表一个重要的过程,促进了社会复杂性的兴起。

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