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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >Background insect herbivory increases with local elevation but makes minor contribution to element cycling along natural gradients in the Subarctic
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Background insect herbivory increases with local elevation but makes minor contribution to element cycling along natural gradients in the Subarctic

机译：背景昆虫草食病与地方高程增加但对元素沿亚曲线中的自然梯度进行了微调的贡献

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Herbivores can exert major controls over biogeochemical cycling. As invertebrates are highly sensitive to temperature shifts (ectothermal), the abundances of insects in high‐latitude systems, where climate warming is rapid, is expected to increase. In subarctic mountain birch forests, research has focussed on geometrid moth outbreaks, while the contribution of background insect herbivory (BIH) to elemental cycling is poorly constrained. In northern Sweden, we estimated BIH along 9 elevational gradients distributed across a gradient in regional elevation, temperature, and precipitation to allow evaluation of consistency in local versus regional variation. We converted foliar loss via BIH to fluxes of C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) from the birch canopy to the soil to compare with other relevant soil inputs of the same elements and assessed different abiotic and biotic drivers of the observed variability. We found that leaf area loss due to BIH was ~1.6% on average. This is comparable to estimates from tundra, but considerably lower than ecosystems at lower latitudes. The C, N, and P fluxes from canopy to soil associated with BIH were 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than the soil input from senesced litter and external nutrient sources such as biological N fixation, atmospheric deposition of N, and P weathering estimated from the literature. Despite the minor contribution to overall elemental cycling in subarctic birch forests, the higher quality and earlier timing of the input of herbivore deposits to soils compared to senesced litter may make this contribution disproportionally important for various ecosystem functions. BIH increased significantly with leaf N content as well as local elevation along each transect, yet showed no significant relationship with temperature or humidity, nor the commonly used temperature proxy, absolute elevation. The lack of consistency between the local and regional elevational trends calls for caution when using elevation gradients as climate proxies.
机译：食草动物可以在生物地球化学循环上发挥主要控制。随着无脊椎动物对温度变化（EctOotmal）高度敏感，预计高纬度系统中的昆虫的丰富量将增加。在亚曲率山脉桦树林中，研究侧重于地质蛾蛾爆发，而背景昆虫草食病（BIH）对元素循环的贡献受到严重受损。在瑞典北部，我们沿着9个梯度估计BIH，分布在区域高度，温度和降水中的梯度，以允许评估当地与区域变异的一致性。我们将叶酸损失转化为桦木冠状物的助核，氮（N）和磷（P）从桦木冠层到土壤，以与相同元素的其他相关土壤输入进行比较，并评估了观察到的可变性的不同非生物和生物驱动因素。我们发现，由于BIH引起的叶面积损失平均为1.6％。这与Tundra的估计相当，但比下纬度的生态系统相当低。从冠层与BIH相关的土壤的C，N和P助焊剂的数量级低于来自Sinesced垃圾和外部营养源的土壤输入，如生物N固定，N的大气沉积，P估计文献。尽管对亚虫病桦树林的整体元素循环进行了微小的贡献，但与Souched垃圾相比，食草沉积物对土壤输入的更高质量和更早的时间可能使这贡献对各种生态系统功能不成比例。 BIH与叶N内容显着增加以及沿着每个横断的局部高度，但没有与温度或湿度的显着关系，也不是常用的温度代理，绝对高度。当利用海拔梯度作为气候代理时，本地和区域高度趋势之间缺乏致命致电。

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