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Response of crops to fertilizer application in volcanic soils

机译：农作物对火山土壤肥料应用的反应

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Potassium (K) has been considered as a non-deficient nutrient in most Ethiopian soils. However, some studies recommended K application to K sufficient soils if K/Mg ratio is < 0.7. To resolve this controversy, field experiments and laboratory soil analysis were conducted in two districts (Yilmana Densa and Dera) in north-western Ethiopia on Mollic Nitisols (aric, humic) (pH = 5.5), Pellic Vertisols (aric, gilgaic, mazic) (pH = 6.2) and Vertic Luvisols (aric, nitic) (pH = 5.2) using wheat, tef and maize, respectively as test crops. The field experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with 7 K fertilizer rates (0, 42, 83, 125, 166, 208, and 249 kg ha−1 K) and four replications. KCl and DAP (200 kg ha−1) fertilizers were added at planting. Urea (200 kg ha−1) was added in split, half at planting and half at tillering for wheat and tef; and at knee-height stage for maize. Soil samples were taken two weeks after planting to determine K and Mg contents, K critical levels and optimum K/Mg ratio. The ammonium acetate extraction method was used to determine the K and Mg contents in the soil using a flame photometer and an atomic absorption spectrometer, respectively. Yield data were collected after harvest. The results of the study indicated that Mollic Nitisols (aric, humic), Pellic Vertisols (aric, gilgaic, mazic) and Vertic Luvisols (aric, nitic) had high K contents of 351, 380 and 434 mg kg−1, respectively. Rising K fertilizer levels increased soil K contents; however, this did not significantly increase crop yields. Mg contents were also in high category (>351 mg kg−1). The K/Mg values ranged from 0.60 to 0.80 in Mollic Nitisols (aric, humic), 0.70 to 0.88 in Pellic Vertisols (aric, gilgaic, mazic) and 0.71 to 1.04 in Vertic Luvisols (aric, nitic), and the values increased with an increasing K rates. However, wheat, tef and maize grain yields showed an increasing trend up to K/Mg ratio of 0.71 in Mollic Nitisols (aric, humic), 0.78 in Pellic Vertisols (aric, gilgaic, mazic) and 0.88 in Vertic Luvisols (aric, nitic), respectively, and declined above these values.
机译：钾（K）被认为是大多数埃塞俄比亚土壤中的不缺乏养分。然而，如果K / mg比率<0.7，则一些研究推荐给K足够的土壤施用足够的土壤。为了解决这一争议，现场实验和实验室土壤分析在埃塞俄比亚（ARIC，HUMIC）（pH = 5.5），脓疱活醇（ARIC，GILGAIC，MAZIC）中，在西北埃塞俄比亚（Yilmana Densa和Dera）进行了实地实验和实验室土壤分析（pH = 6.2）和Vertic luvisols（aric，nitic）（in = 5.2）分别使用小麦，tef和玉米作为测试作物。在随机完全嵌段设计中铺设了现场实验，7 k肥料率（0,42,83,125,166,208和249 kg HA-1 k）和四种复制。在种植时加入KCl和DAP（200kg HA-1）肥料。尿素（200kg ha-1）在分裂中加入，一半在种植，一半在分蘖下进行小麦和tef;在玉米的膝盖高度阶段。在种植后两周进行土壤样品以确定K和Mg含量，K临界水平和最佳K / Mg比。使用火焰光度计和原子吸收光谱仪分别使用乙酸铵提取方法来确定土壤中的K和Mg含量。收获后收集产量数据。该研究的结果表明，莫尔氏肿瘤（ARIC，腐殖液），脓疱活醇（ARIC，吉尔加特，杀虫剂）和VERTIC LUVISOL（ARIC，IRIC）分别具有351,380和434mg kg-1的高k含量。 k肥水平上升的土壤K含量增加;然而，这并没有显着增加作物产量。 Mg含量也在高类别（> 351mg kg-1）。 K / mg值在髓质核核核核核（ARIC，腐殖质）中的0.60至0.80范围为0.70至0.88，在Vertic luvisols（aric，nitic）中，0.71-1.04，值增加增加速率。然而，小麦，TEF和玉米籽粒产量显示莫尔氏菌培养物（ARIC，腐殖质），0.78的髓戊醇（ARIC，GILGAIC，MAZIC）和0.88中含有0.71的K / mg比率的趋势越来越高达0.71的术语（ARIC，NITI ）分别并在这些值上方下降并下降。

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