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Farmers’ knowledge perception and use of phosphorus fertilization for cowpea production in Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria

机译：尼日利亚北几内亚大草原牛皮生产磷肥的农民知识感知和使用磷肥

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摘要

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is an important legume crop, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Poor soil fertility is among the major abiotic factors that contribute to this crop's low yield. Phosphorus (P)-based fertilizers significantly increase cowpea yields but these fertilizers are not well adopted by smallholder cowpea farmers. To understand why, we surveyed 420 farmers across three major cowpea-producing states in Nigeria: first, we assessed the cowpea farmers' knowledge and perception of the need for fertilizers, especially P fertilizers; and, second, we identified factors that determine the use – or non-use – of P-based fertilizers. Although over 80% of farmers surveyed were aware of the value of fertilizers as a yield-increasing factor and were able to identify crops suffering from nutrient deficiency, only 10% used P-based fertilizers like single super phosphate (SSP) and another 11% used combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizers and SSP for cowpeas. Reasons for not using P-containing fertilizers included high cost, poor availability in rural markets, and lack of awareness on the need to use P fertilizers. Additionally, many growers believed that cowpeas do not require fertilizers, especially if the previous crop had been maize. Our findings are important for strategies to increase the productivity of cowpeas among smallholder growers especially in the northern regions of Nigeria and beyond, where subsistence farming systems are prevalent. Increased cowpea production through the adequate use of inputs like P fertilizers will support Nigeria's effort to reduce its large imports of cowpea grain from neighboring countries. Our survey further demonstrated that P-containing fertilizers are crucial production inputs for increased cowpea production in these regions and in areas with similar traditional farming practices. Our results will benefit breeders, development partners, extension personnel, and other stakeholders in cowpea value chains.
机译：豇豆（Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp）是一个重要的豆科作物，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲。土壤肥力差是对这种作物低产的主要非生物因素之一。基于磷（P）的肥料显着提高豇豆产量，但小啤酒豇豆农民并不充分采用这些肥料。要了解原因，我们在尼日利亚调查了420名农民，尼日利亚的三大豇豆制作国家：首先，我们评估了豇豆农民的知识和对肥料需求的看法，尤其是P肥料;并且，第二，我们确定了确定基于P型肥料的使用或不使用的因素。虽然有超过80％的受访农民意识到肥料的价值作为产量增加的因素，并且能够识别患有营养缺乏的作物，只有10％使用的P型肥料，如单一超级磷酸盐（SSP），另外11％使用氮，磷和钾化合物肥料的组合和豇豆SSP。不使用含P肥料的原因包括高成本，农村市场的可用性差，缺乏对使用P肥料的意识。此外，许多种植者认为豇豆不需要肥料，特别是如果之前的作物已被玉米。我们的调查结果对于提高小孩种植者在尼日利亚北部地区提高小孩种植者的生产力的策略非常重要，其中生育农业系统普遍存在。通过适当使用PE肥料的充分利用投入增加，将支持尼日利亚努力减少邻国的大量豇豆粮食的努力。我们的调查进一步证明了含P的肥料是在这些地区和具有类似传统农业实践的地区的豇豆生产的重要生产投入。我们的结果将使育种者，发展伙伴，延长人员和豇豆价值链中的其他利益相关者受益。

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