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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Data-Quality Assessment Signals Toxic-Site Safety Threats and Environmental Injustices
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Data-Quality Assessment Signals Toxic-Site Safety Threats and Environmental Injustices

机译：数据质量评估毒性网站安全威胁和环境不公正

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Most hazardous-waste sites are located in urban areas populated by disproportionate numbers of children, minorities, and poor people who, as a result, face more severe pollution threats and environmental-health inequalities. Partly to address this harm, in 2017 the United Nations unanimously endorsed the New Urban Agenda, which includes redeveloping urban-infill-toxic-waste sites. However, no systematic, independent analyses assess the public-health adequacy of such hazardous-facility redevelopments. Our objective is to provide a preliminary data-quality assessment (PDQA) of urban-infill-toxic-site testing, conducted by private redevelopers, including whether it adequately addresses pollution threats. To this end, we used two qualitative, weight-of-evidence methods. Method 1 employs nine criteria to select assessments for PDQA and help control for confounders. To conduct PDQA, Method 2 uses three US Environmental Protection Agency standards—the temporal, geographical, and technological representativeness of sampling. Our Method 1 results reveal four current toxic-site assessments (by CBRE/Trammell Crow, the world’s largest commercial developer); at all of these sites the main risk drivers are solvents, volatile organic compounds, including trichloroethylene. Our Method 2 results indicate that all four assessments violate most PDQA standards and systematically underestimate health risk. These results reveal environmental injustice, disproportionate health threats to children/minorities/poor people at all four sites. Although preliminary, our conclusion is that alleviating harm and environmental-health inequalities posed by urban-infill-toxic-site pollution may require improving both the testing/cleanup/redevelopment requirements of the New Urban Agenda and the regulatory oversight of assessment and remediation performed by private redevelopers.
机译：大多数危险场所都位于不成比例的儿童，少数群体和穷人的城市地区，他们面临更严重的污染威胁和环境健康不平等。部分是为了解决这条危害，2017年联合国一致赞同新的城市议程，包括重建城市填充毒性废物场地。但是，没有系统，独立的分析评估了这种危险设施的公共卫生充足性。我们的目标是提供由私人重建者进行的城市填充毒性现场测试的初步数据质量评估（PDQA），包括是否充分解决污染威胁。为此，我们使用了两种定性，重量的证据方法。方法1采用九个标准来选择PDQA的评估，并帮助控制混杂器。要进行PDQA，方法2使用三个美国环境保护局标准 - 采样的时间，地理和技术代表性。我们的方法1结果显示了四种目前的毒性现场评估（由CBRE / Tramamell乌鸦，世界上最大的商业开发商）;在所有这些网站上，主要风险司机是溶剂，挥发性有机化合物，包括三氯乙烯。我们的方法2结果表明，所有四项评估违反了大多数PDQA标准，并系统地低估了健康风险。这些结果揭示了对所有四个地点的儿童/少数民族/贫困人群不成比例的健康威胁。虽然初步，我们的结论是减轻城市灌溉场地污染所带来的危害和环境健康不平等可能需要提高新城市议程的检测/清理/重建要求以及由此进行评估和补救的监管监督私人重新开发。

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