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Lichens Bite the Dust – A Bioweathering Scenario in the Atacama Desert

机译:地衣咬了灰尘 - 阿塔卡马沙漠中的生物造理情景

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摘要

Bioweathering mediated by microorganisms plays a significant role in biogeochemical cycles on global scales over geological timescales. Single processes induced by specific taxa have been described but could rarely be demonstrated for complex communities that dominate whole landscapes. The recently discovered grit crust of the coastal Atacama Desert, which is a transitional community between a cryptogamic ground cover and a rock-bound lithic assemblage, offers the unique chance to elucidate various bioweathering processes that occur simultaneously. Here, we present a bioweathering scenario of this biocenosis including processes such as penetration of the lithomatrix, microbial responses to wet-dry cycles, alkalinolysis, enzyme activity, and mineral re-localization. Frequently occurring fog, for example, led to a volume increase of microorganisms and the lithomatrix. This, together with pH shifts and dust accumulation, consequently results in biophysical breakdown and the formation of a terrestrial protopedon, an initial stage of pedogenesis fueled by the grit crust.
机译:通过微生物介导的生物造理在地质时间表上的全球鳞片上的生物地球化学循环中起着重要作用。已经描述了由特定分类群引起的单一过程,但是对于主导整个景观的复杂社区很少能证明。最近发现的沿海阿喀拉姆沙漠的砂砾地壳,是隐球性地面覆盖和摇滚岩石组合之间的过渡社区,提供了阐明同时发生各种生物造理过程的独特机会。在这里,我们提出了这种生物轴的生物造理场景,包括Lithomatrix的渗透,微生物反应对湿干循环,碱水解,酶活性和矿物重新定位的过程。例如,经常发生的雾导致微生物和Lithomatrix的体积增加。这与pH换档和灰尘积累一起导致生物物理崩溃和形成陆地原子的形成,由砂砾地壳燃料的初始阶段。

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