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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Molecular Sciences >The Dual Role of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Pathophysiology to Pharmacotherapy
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The Dual Role of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Pathophysiology to Pharmacotherapy

机译：谷氨酸神经递质在阿尔茨海默病中的双重作用：从病理生理学到药物治疗

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related dementia and neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by Aβ and tau protein deposition impairing learning, memory and suppressing synaptic plasticity of neurons. Increasing evidence suggests that there is a link between the glucose and glutamate alterations with age that down-regulates glucose utilization reducing glutamate levels in AD patients. Deviations in brain energy metabolism reinforce the development of AD by hampering glutamate levels in the brain. Glutamate is a nonessential amino acid and the major excitatory neurotransmitter synthesized from glucose. Alterations in cerebral glucose and glutamate levels precede the deposition of Aβ plaques. In the brain, over 40% of neuronal synapses are glutamatergic and disturbances in glutamatergic function have been implicated in pathophysiology of AD. Nevertheless, targeting the glutamatergic system seems to be a promising strategy to develop novel, improved therapeutics for AD. Here, we review data supporting the involvement of the glutamatergic system in AD pathophysiology as well as the efficacy of glutamatergic agents in this neurodegenerative disorder. We also discuss exciting new prospects for the development of improved therapeutics for this devastating disorder.
机译：阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种与年龄相关的痴呆和神经变性疾病，其特征在于Aβ和TAU蛋白沉积损害学习，记忆和抑制神经元的突触可塑性。越来越多的证据表明，葡萄糖和谷氨酸谷氨酸的改变之间存在联系，下调葡萄糖利用减少AD患者的谷氨酸水平。脑能代谢的偏差通过阻碍大脑中的谷氨酸水平来增强广告的发展。谷氨酸是非葡萄糖合成的非必要氨基酸和主要兴奋性神经递质。脑葡萄糖和谷氨酸水平的改变在β斑块的沉积之前。在大脑中，超过40％的神经元突触是谷氨酰胺术中的谷氨酰胺术和谷氨酰胺功能的紊乱涉及到广告的病理生理学中。然而，靶向谷氨酸系统似乎是开发新颖，改进的广告治疗方法的有希望的战略。在此，我们审查支持谷氨酸胶质系统在AD病理生理学中的涉及的数据以及谷氨酸剂在这种神经变性疾病中的疗效。我们还讨论了这种毁灭性疾病改善治疗方法的令人兴奋的新前景。

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