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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Membranes >The Need for Accurate Osmotic Pressure and Mass Transfer Resistances in Modeling Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes
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The Need for Accurate Osmotic Pressure and Mass Transfer Resistances in Modeling Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes

机译：在渗透驱动膜过程建模中准确的渗透压和传质电阻的需要

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摘要

The widely used van ’t Hoff linear relation for predicting the osmotic pressure of NaCl solutions may result in errors in the evaluation of key system parameters, which depend on osmotic pressure, in pressure-retarded osmosis and forward osmosis. In this paper, the linear van ’t Hoff approach is compared to the solutions using OLI Stream Analyzer, which gives the real osmotic pressure values. Various dilutions of NaCl solutions, including the lower solute concentrations typical of river water, are considered. Our results indicate that the disparity in the predicted osmotic pressure of the two considered methods can reach 30%, depending on the solute concentration, while that in the predicted power density can exceed over 50%. New experimental results are obtained for NanoH2O and Porifera membranes, and theoretical equations are also developed. Results show that discrepancies arise when using the van ’t Hoff equation, compared to the OLI method. At higher NaCl concentrations (C > 1.5 M), the deviation between the linear approach and the real values increases gradually, likely indicative of a larger error in van ’t Hoff predictions. The difference in structural parameter values predicted by the two evaluation methods is also significant; it can exceed the typical 50–70% range, depending on the operating conditions. We find that the external mass transfer coefficients should be considered in the evaluation of the structural parameter in order to avoid overestimating its value. Consequently, measured water flux and predicted structural parameter values from our own and literature measurements are recalculated with the OLI software to account for external mass transfer coefficients.
机译：用于预测NaCl溶液的渗透压的广泛使用的VAN'T HOFF线性关系可能导致缺点关键系统参数的评估，这取决于渗透压，在压力延迟的渗透和前渗透量中。本文使用OLI流分析仪与溶液进行了比较了线性面包车的Thoff方法，其给出了真正的渗透压值。考虑各种稀释液，包括典型的河水典型的溶液溶液。我们的结果表明，根据溶质浓度，两种考虑方法的预测渗透压的差距可以达到30％，而预测功率密度的效率可能超过50％。为纳米和孔隙膜获得了新的实验结果，也开发了理论方程。结果表明，与OLI方法相比，使用VAN'T Hoff方程时出现差异。在较高的NaCl浓度（C> 1.5 m）处，线性方法与实际值之间的偏差逐渐增加，可能是Van T Hoff预测中的更大误差。两种评估方法预测的结构参数值的差异也是重要的;它可以超过典型的50-70％范围，具体取决于操作条件。我们发现在结构参数的评估中应考虑外部传质系数，以避免高估其值。因此，利用OLI软件重新计算了我们自己和文献测量的测量的水通量和预测的结构参数值，以解释外部传质系数。

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