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Thermochemical Performance Analysis of the Steam Reforming of Methane in a Fixed Bed Membrane Reformer: A Modelling and Simulation Study

机译：固定床膜重整器中甲烷蒸汽重整的热化学性能分析：一种建模与仿真研究

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Pd-based membrane reformers have been substantially studied in the past as a promising reformer to produce high-purity H2 from thermochemical conversion of methane (CH4). A variety of research approaches have been taken in the experimental and theoretical fields. The main objective of this work is a theoretical modelling to describe the process variables of the Steam Reforming of Methane (SRM) method on the Pd-based membrane reformer. These process variables describe the specific aims of each equation of the mathematical model characterizing the performance from reformer. The simulated results of the mole fractions of components (MFCs) at the outlet of the Fixed Bed Reformer (FBR) and Packed-Bed Membrane Reformer (PBMR) have been validated. When the H2O/CH4 ratio decreases in PBMR, the Endothermic Reaction Temperature (ERT) is notably increased (998.32 K) at the outlet of the PBMR’s reaction zone. On the other hand, when the H2O/CH4 ratio increases in PBMR, the ERT is remarkably decreased (827.83 K) at the outlet of the PBMR’s reaction zone. An increase of the spatial velocity (Ssp) indicates a reduction in the residence time of reactant molecules inside PBMR and, thus, a decrease of the ERT and conversion of CH4. In contrast, a reduction of the Ssp shows an increase of the residence time of reactant molecules within PBMR and, therefore, a rise of the ERT and conversion of CH4. An increase of the H2O/CH4 ratio raises the conversion rate (CR) of CH4 due to the reduction of the coke content on the catalyst particles. Conversely, a reduction of the H2O/CH4 ratio decreases the CR of CH4 owing to the increase of the coke content on the catalyst particles. Contrary to the CR of CH4, the consumption-based yield (CBY) of H2 sharply decreases with the increase of the H2O/CH4 ratio. An increase of the ERT raises the thermochemical energy storage efficiency (ηtese) from 68.96% (ERT = 1023 K), 63.21% (ERT = 973 K), and 48.12% (ERT = 723 K). The chemical energy, sensible heat, and heat loss reached values of 384.96 W, 151.68 W, and 249.73 W at 973 K. The selectivity of H2 presents higher amounts in the gaseous mixture that varies from 60.98 to 73.18 while CH4 showed lower values ranging from 1.41 to 2.06. Our work is limited to the SRM method. In terms of future uses of this method, new works can be undertaken using novel materials (open-cell foams) and the physical-mathematical model (two-dimensional and three-dimensional) to evaluate the concentration polarization inside membrane reactors.
机译：过去基于Pd的膜重整器已经基本上研究了作为有希望的重整器，以产生高纯度H 2，从甲烷（CH4）的热化学转化。实验和理论领域采取了各种研究方法。本作作品的主要目的是描述在Pd基膜重整器上甲烷（SRM）方法的蒸汽重整过程变量的理论模型。这些过程变量描述了表征来自改革者性能的数学模型的每个等式的具体目标。已经验证了固定床重整器（FBR）和填充床膜重整器（PBMR）的出口处的组分（MFC）的摩尔分数的模拟结果已经得到验证。当H 2 O / CH 4比在PBMR中降低时，在PBMR反应区的出口处显着增加（998.32K）的吸热反应温度（ERT）。另一方面，当H 2 O / CH4比在PBMR中增加时，PBMR反应区的出口时，ery显着降低（827.83k）。空间速度（SSP）的增加表示PBMR内反应物分子的停留时间还原，因此，CH4的偏移和转化率降低。相反，SSP的减少显示了PBMR内反应物分子的停留时间的增加，因此，越过CH4的逆转录和转化。由于催化剂颗粒上的焦炭含量还原，H 2 O / CH4比的增加提高了CH4的转化率（Cr）。相反，由于催化剂颗粒上的焦炭含量的增加，H 2 O / CH4比的降低降低了CH4的CR。与CH4的CR相反，随着H2O / CH4比率的增加，H2的基于消耗的产量（CBY）急剧下降。 ERT的增加将热化学能量储存效率（ηtee）从68.96％（偏= 1023k），63.21％（ert = 973k）和48.12％（ERT = 723k）增加。化学能，明智的热量和热量损失达到384.96W，151.68W和249.73W的值为973 K.H2的选择性在气态混合物中呈现更高的量，其变化在60.98至73.18时，而CH4显示较低的值范围1.41至2.06。我们的工作仅限于SRM方法。在该方法的未来用途方面，可以使用新的材料（开放式电池泡沫）和物理学模型（二维和三维）来进行新作品，以评估膜反应器内的浓度偏振。

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