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Higher Sensitivity of Soil Microbial Network Than Community Structure under Acid Rain

机译：土壤微生物网络比酸雨下的群落结构更高的敏感性

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Acid rain (AR), as a global environmental threat, has profoundly adverse effects on natural soil ecosystems. Microorganisms involved in the nitrogen (N) cycle regulate the global N balance and climate stabilization, but little is known whether and how AR influences the structure and complexity of these microbial communities. Herein, we conducted an intact soil core experiment by manipulating the acidity of simulated rain (pH 7.5 (control, CK) vs. pH 4.0 (AR)) in subtropical agricultural soil, to reveal the differences in the structure and complexity of soil nitrifying and denitrifying microbiota using Illumina amplicon sequencing of functional genes (amoA, nirS, and nosZ). Networks of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and nirS-carrying denitrifiers in AR treatment were less complex with fewer nodes and lower connectivity, while network of nosZ-carrying denitrifiers in AR treatment had higher complexity and connectivity relative to CK. Supporting this, AR reduced the abundance of keystone taxa in networks of AOA and nirS-carrying denitrifiers, but increased the abundance of keystone taxa in nosZ-carrying denitrifiers network. However, AR did not alter the community structure of AOA, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nirS-, and nosZ-carrying denitrifiers. Moreover, AR did not change soil N2O emissions during the experimental period. AOB community structure significantly correlated with content of soil available phosphorus (P), while the community structures of nirS- and nosZ-carrying denitrifiers both correlated with soil pH and available P content. Soil N2O emission was mainly driven by the nirS-carrying denitrifiers. Our results present new perspective on the impacts of AR on soil N-cycle microbial network complexity and keystone taxa in the context of global changes.
机译：作为全球环境威胁的酸雨（AR）对天然土壤生态系统具有深刻的不利影响。涉及氮气（n）周期的微生物调节全球性N平衡和气候稳定，但很少是已知的是否以及如何影响这些微生物社区的结构和复杂性。在此，我们通过操纵亚热带农业土壤中的模拟雨（pH7.5（对照，CK）与pH 4.0（AR））的酸度来进行完整的土壤核心实验，以揭示土壤硝化结构和复杂性的差异使用功能基因的illumina扩增子测序的解氮化微生物瘤（Amoa，Nirs和NoSz）。 AR治疗中氨氧化古亚的亚氧化archaea（AOA）和携带的载体携带的脱氮剂具有较少的节点和较低的连接性较小，而载体载体的NoSz携带脱氮剂网络相对于CK具有较高的复杂性和连通性。支持这一点，降低了AOA和携带鼻内纳尔斯的脱氮机网络中的梯形分类群的丰富，而是增加了携带诺斯脱氮机网络中的梯形柱群的丰富。然而，AR没有改变AOA，氨氧化细菌（AOB），鼻内和携带鼻芽虫的群落结构。此外，AR在实验期间没有改变土壤N2O排放。 AOB群落结构与土壤磷（P）的含量显着相关，而NIRS-and NOSZ携带的群落结构与土壤pH和可用的P含量相关。土壤N2O排放主要由携带的携带鼻内脱氮剂驱动。我们的结果目前在全球变化背景下对AR对土壤N周期微生物网络复杂性和Keystone纳纳卡的影响进行了新的视角。

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