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Influence of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Soil Microbial Communities in a Citrus Orchard of Southeast China

机译：土壤水土保持措施对中国东南柑橘果园土壤微生物群落的影响

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Soil microbes play a crucial role in ecosystem function. Here, the effects of soil and water conservation measures on soil microbial community structures, biodiversity, and co-occurrence networks are investigated and compared. We sampled soils at three different depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–40 cm) in a citrus orchard that uses long-term soil and water conservation measures, which includes Bermuda grass strip intercropping (BS), Bermuda grass full coverage (BF), Radish–soybean crop rotation strip intercropping (RS) and clear tillage orchards (CT). Results demonstrated that BS and BF yields a significant increase in bacterial richness and diversity of fungal in soils, while BF contains more beneficial microbial taxa, especially those with degrading and nutrient cycling capabilities. Microbial community structures differed significantly among the applied measures. In addition, co-occurrence networks under BS, BF and RS were more complex and robust than that of CT, and the stability of the network in BF was the highest. Microbial interactive stability and potential interactions in bacterial networks were stronger than those of fungi. The distribution of dominant phyla showed that Chloroflexi and Ascomycota dominated the different soil and water conservation measures. Proteobacteria and Ascomycota are revealed to be keystone species in bacterial networks and fungal networks, respectively, while Proteobacteria was the keystone species in microbial networks. Though the relative abundance of Chloroflexi turned out to have increased among the four measures, the relative abundance for Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria all decreased along the soil profile, with Acidobacteria under BS to be an exception. Soils under BS and BF had higher total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and organic carbon than CT and RS. Organic carbon(C) and total nitrogen(N) in soil were the major drivers of these bacterial community patterns, while there was no significant correlation between them and fungi. Overall, BF increases soil nutrients and microbial diversity, and also promotes ecological stability and interrelations among microbial taxa that collectively improve soil quality in the citrus orchard studied. Therefore, we recommended BF to be an ideal application for citrus orchards of southeast China.
机译：土壤微生物在生态系统功能中发挥着至关重要的作用。在此，研究了水土保持措施对土壤微生物群落结构，生物多样性和共生网络的影响。我们在柑橘果园中以三种不同深度（0-10厘米，10-20厘米和20-40厘米）的柑橘果园中的土壤采样，包括长期水土保持措施，包括百慕大草条间作（BS），百慕大草全套覆盖（BF），萝卜 - 大豆作物旋转条带间作（RS）和清除耕作果园（CT）。结果表明，BS和BF在土壤中的细菌性丰富和多样性的显着增加，而BF含有更有益的微生物分类群，尤其是具有降解和营养循环能力的人。微生物群落结构在应用措施中显着不同。此外，BS，BF和RS下的共同发生网络比CT的共同网络更复杂，更强大，并且BF网络的稳定性最高。微生物交互式稳定性和细菌网络中的潜在相互作用比真菌的潜在相互作用更强烈。优势植物的分布表明，氯昔克和Ascomcota主导了不同的水土保持措施。植物细菌和ascoycota分别被揭示为细菌网络和真菌网络中的基石物种，而植物体会是微生物网络中的基石物种。虽然四项措施中氯昔洛列的相对丰度增加，但植物细菌，抗酸杆菌和抗菌菌的相对丰度沿着土壤剖面均下降，BS下的抗酸杆菌是一个例外。 BS和BF下的土壤具有更高的总氮，微生物生物量碳和有机碳，而不是CT和Rs。土壤中的有机碳（c）和总氮（n）是这些细菌群落模式的主要驱动因素，而它们与真菌之间没有显着相关性。总体而言，BF增加了土壤营养素和微生物多样性，并且还促进了微生物分类群中的生态稳定性和相互关系，这些分类群体在研究的柑橘果园中统称地改善了土壤质量。因此，我们推荐了BF成为中国东南柑橘果园的理想应用。

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