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A Review of Composite Phase Change Materials Based on Porous Silica Nanomaterials for Latent Heat Storage Applications

机译：基于多孔二氧化硅纳米材料的复合相变材料综述潜热储存应用

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Phase change materials (PCMs) can store thermal energy as latent heat through phase transitions. PCMs using the solid-liquid phase transition offer high 100–300 J g−1 enthalpy at constant temperature. However, pure compounds suffer from leakage, incongruent melting and crystallization, phase separation, and supercooling, which limit their heat storage capacity and reliability during multiple heating-cooling cycles. An appropriate approach to mitigating these drawbacks is the construction of composites as shape-stabilized phase change materials which retain their macroscopic solid shape even at temperatures above the melting point of the active heat storage compound. Shape-stabilized materials can be obtained by PCMs impregnation into porous matrices. Porous silica nanomaterials are promising matrices due to their high porosity and adsorption capacity, chemical and thermal stability and possibility of changing their structure through chemical synthesis. This review offers a first in-depth look at the various methods for obtaining composite PCMs using porous silica nanomaterials, their properties, and applications. The synthesis and properties of porous silica composites are presented based on the main classes of compounds which can act as heat storage materials (paraffins, fatty acids, polymers, small organic molecules, hydrated salts, molten salts and metals). The physico-chemical phenomena arising from the nanoconfinement of phase change materials into the silica pores are discussed from both theoretical and practical standpoints. The lessons learned so far in designing efficient composite PCMs using porous silica matrices are presented, as well as the future perspectives on improving the heat storage materials.
机译：相变材料（PCM）可以通过相位过渡将热能存储为潜热。使用固液相变的PCM在恒定温度下提供高100-300JG-1焓。然而，纯化合物遭受泄漏，不一致的熔融和结晶，相分离和过冷，这限制了它们在多种加热冷却循环期间的热存储容量和可靠性。缓解这些缺点的适当方法是将复合材料的构建为形状稳定的相变材料，即使在高于有源储热化合物的熔点的温度下也能够保持其宏观实心形状。形状稳定的材料可以通过PCMS浸渍到多孔基质中获得。由于其高孔隙率和吸附能力，化学和热稳定性以及通过化学合成改变结构的可能性，多孔二氧化硅纳米材料是有前途的基质。本次审查提供了使用多孔二氧化硅纳米材料，其性质和应用来获取复合PCM的各种方法的第一深度。基于主要类化合物（石蜡，脂肪酸，聚合物，小型有机分子，水合盐，熔盐和金属）的主要类化合物的合成和性能提出了多孔二氧化硅复合材料。从理论和实际的观点讨论了从相变材料纳米序列中纳米钨的纳米序列产生的物理化学现象。展示了到目前为止在设计使用多孔二氧化硅矩阵的高效复合PCM的课程中学到的经验教训，以及改善储热材料的未来视角。

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