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Zinc (Zn): The Last Nutrient in the Alphabet and Shedding Light on Zn Efficiency for the Future of Crop Production under Suboptimal Zn

机译：锌（Zn）：字母表中的最后一种营养素和ZN效率的脱落灯ZN效率为次优Zn下的作物生产的未来

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At a global scale, about three billion people have inadequate zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) nutrition and 500,000 children lose their lives due to this. In recent years, the interest in adopting healthy diets drew increased attention to mineral nutrients, including Zn. Zn is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development that is involved in several processes, like acting as a cofactor for hundreds of enzymes, chlorophyll biosynthesis, gene expression, signal transduction, and plant defense systems. Many agricultural soils are unable to supply the Zn needs of crop plants, making Zn deficiency a widespread nutritional disorder, particularly in calcareous (pH > 7) soils worldwide. Plant Zn efficiency involves Zn uptake, transport, and utilization; plants with high Zn efficiency display high yield and significant growth under low Zn supply and offer a promising and sustainable solution for the production of many crops, such as rice, beans, wheat, soybeans, and maize. The goal of this review is to report the current knowledge on key Zn efficiency traits including root system uptake, Zn transporters, and shoot Zn utilization. These mechanisms will be valuable for increasing the Zn efficiency of crops and food Zn contents to meet global needs for food production and nutrition in the 21st century. Furthermore, future research will address the target genes underlying Zn efficiency and the optimization of Zn efficiency phenotyping for the development of Zn-efficient crop varieties for more sustainable crop production under suboptimal Zn regimes, as well food security of the future.
机译：在全球范围内，大约30亿人的锌（Zn）和铁（Fe）营养和500,000名儿童因此而失去了生命。近年来，采用健康饮食的兴趣增长了对包括Zn的矿物营养素的关注。 Zn是植物生长和发展的必要性微量营养素，其参与了几种方法，如用作数百个酶，叶绿素生物合成，基因表达，信号转导和植物防御系统的辅助因子。许多农业土壤无法提供作物植物的Zn需求，使Zn缺乏普遍的营养障碍，特别是在全球钙质（pH> 7）土壤中。植物ZN效率涉及Zn吸收，运输和利用;高锌效率的植物在低ZN供应下显示出高产量和显着增长，并为生产许多作物提供有前途和可持续的解决方案，例如米饭，豆类，小麦，大豆和玉米。本次审查的目标是报告目前关于关键ZN效率特征的知识，包括根系吸收，Zn运输仪和射击Zn利用率。这些机制对于增加作物和食品ZN含量的Zn效率，以满足21世纪的全球食品生产需求和营养需求。此外，未来的研究将解决ZN效率的目标基因，并在次优ZN制度下为更可持续的作物生产开发ZN效率表型的优化，以及未来的粮食安全。

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