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Do nonlinear vocal phenomena signal negative valence or high emotion intensity?

机译：非线性声乐现象是否信号负加工或高情感强度？

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Nonlinear vocal phenomena (NLPs) are commonly reported in animal calls and, increasingly, in human vocalizations. These perceptually harsh and chaotic voice features function to attract attention and convey urgency, but they may also signal aversive states. To test whether NLPs enhance the perception of negative affect or only signal high arousal, we added subharmonics, sidebands or deterministic chaos to 48 synthetic human nonverbal vocalizations of ambiguous valence: gasps of fright/surprise, moans of pain/pleasure, roars of frustration/achievement and screams of fear/delight. In playback experiments (N = 900 listeners), we compared their perceived valence and emotion intensity in positive or negative contexts or in the absence of any contextual cues. Primarily, NLPs increased the perceived aversiveness of vocalizations regardless of context. To a smaller extent, they also increased the perceived emotion intensity, particularly when the context was negative or absent. However, NLPs also enhanced the perceived intensity of roars of achievement, indicating that their effects can generalize to positive emotions. In sum, a harsh voice with NLPs strongly tips the balance towards negative emotions when a vocalization is ambiguous, but with sufficiently informative contextual cues, NLPs may be re-evaluated as expressions of intense positive affect, underlining the importance of context in nonverbal communication.
机译：非线性声乐现象（NLPS）通常在动物呼叫中报道，越来越多地，人类发声。这些感觉苛刻和混乱的声音功能可以吸引注意力和传达紧迫性，但它们也可能发出厌恶状态。为了测试NLPS是否增强了对负面影响或仅信号高唤醒的感知，我们向48种合成人类非语言发声添加了亚源性，边带或确定性的暧昧价值：喘气/惊喜，呻吟/愉快的悲伤，悲伤咆哮/恐惧/喜悦的成就和尖叫。在播放实验中（n = 900听众），我们将其感知的价和情感强度与阳性或阴性背景或在没有任何上下文提示的情况下进行了比较。主要是，无论上下文如何，NLP都会增加发声的感知厌恶。在较小的程度上，它们也增加了感知的情绪强度，特别是当上下文是阴性或不存在时。然而，NLPS还增强了成就的感知强度，表明它们的效果可以概括为积极的情绪。总之，当声音化是模糊的时，NLP的严重语音强烈提示朝向负面情绪的平衡，但是对于具有足够的信息性的上下文提示，可以将NLPS重新评估为强烈的积极影响的表达，强调了非语言通信中的语境的重要性。

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