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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Advances in Nutrition >In the Footsteps of Wilbur Olin Atwater: The Atwater Lecture for 2019
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In the Footsteps of Wilbur Olin Atwater: The Atwater Lecture for 2019

机译：在威尔堡奥林阿特沃特的脚步：2019年的atwater讲座

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摘要

A central theme of Atwater's research was the development and application of methods to understand how human beings and animals adapt to the nutrients they ingest. The research described in this article also deals with adaptation to nutrition focusing on adaptation to overnutrition, adaptation to undernutrition, adaptation to dietary fat, adaptation to dietary protein, adaptation to micronutrients, and adaptation to sugar and high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Studies using overfeeding have shown several things. First, overfeeding did not change the thermic response to ingestion of food nor the coupling of oxidative phosphorylation in muscle to energy expended by muscles during work on a bicycle ergometer between 25 and 100 watts. Second, the response to overfeeding was significantly influenced by the quantity of protein in the diet. During carefully controlled studies of underfeeding of people with obesity, the macronutrient composition of the diet did not affect the magnitude of weight loss. However, baseline genetic and metabolic information could provide guidance for selecting among the lower or higher protein diets, and lower or higher fat diets. Adaptation to an increase in dietary fat from 35% to 50% is slow and variable in healthy sedentary men. Adaptation is more rapid and complete when these same men were physically active. This effect of muscular exercise was traced to changes in the metabolism of glucose in muscles where pathways inhibiting glucose metabolism were activated by exercise. Dietary patterns that increased the intake of calcium, magnesium, and potassium effectively lower blood pressure in individuals with high normal blood pressure. Finally, the intake of sugary beverages was related to the onset of the current epidemic of obesity.
机译：Atwater研究的中心主题是制定和应用方法，了解人类如何适应他们摄取的营养素。本文中描述的研究还涉及适应营养，专注于适应营养，适应营养脂肪，适应膳食脂肪，适应膳食蛋白，适应微量营养素，适应糖和高果糖玉米糖浆（HFC）。使用过度喂养的研究表明了几件事。首先，过度喂养并没有改变对食物摄取的热响应，也没有改变食物的热响应，也不改变肌肉中的氧化磷酸化在25到100瓦特之间的自行车测力计的工作中以肌肉消耗的能量。其次，对饮食中蛋白质量的响应受到显着影响。在精心控制的患有肥胖患者的研究期间，饮食的MACRORRICE成分不会影响体重减轻的程度。然而，基线遗传和代谢信息可以为选择较低或更高的蛋白质饮食和较低或更高的脂肪饮食提供指导。适应从35％到50％的膳食脂肪的增加是健康的久坐男性的缓慢和可变的。当这些相同的男性身体活跃时，适应更快和完整。肌肉锻炼的这种效果被追溯到肌肉中葡萄糖代谢的变化，其中通过运动激活抑制葡萄糖代谢的途径。饮食模式增加了钙，镁和钾的摄入，有效降低了高正常血压的个体血压。最后，含糖饮料的摄入与当前肥胖流行的发作有关。

著录项

  • 期刊名称 Advances in Nutrition
  • 作者

    George A Bray;

  • 作者单位
  • 年(卷),期 2020(11),3
  • 年度 2020
  • 页码 743–750
  • 总页数 8
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种
  • 中图分类 营养学;
  • 关键词

    机译：过度灌注;适应高脂饮食;糖尿病预防计划;向前看;磅丢失;仪表饮食;

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