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Location Location Location: Compartmentalization of Early Events in Leukotriene Biosynthesis

机译:位置位置位置:白三烯生物合成早期事件的区划。

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摘要

Leukotrienes (LTs), derived from arachidonic acid (AA) released from the membrane by the action of phospholipase A2, are potent lipid mediators of the inflammatory response. In 1983, Dahlén et al. demonstrated that LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 mediate antigen-induced constriction of bronchi in tissue obtained from subjects with asthma (Dahlén, S. E., Hansson, G., Hedqvist, P., Björck, T., Granström, E., and Dahlén, B. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 1712–1716). Over the last 25+ years, substantial progress has been made in understanding how LTs exert their effects, and a broader appreciation for the numerous biological processes they mediate has emerged. LT biosynthesis is initiated by the action of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), which catalyzes the transformation of AA to LTA4 in a two-step reaction. Ca2+ targets 5-LOX to the nuclear membrane, where it co-localizes with the 5-LOX-activating protein FLAP and, when present, the downstream enzyme LTC4 synthase, both transmembrane proteins. Crystal structures of the AA-metabolizing LOXs, LTC4 synthase, and FLAP combined with biochemical data provide a framework for understanding how subcellular organizations optimize the biosynthesis of these labile hydrophobic signaling compounds, which must navigate pathways that include both membrane and soluble enzymes. The insights these structures afford and the questions they engender are discussed in this minireview.
机译:通过磷脂酶A2的作用从膜上释放的花生四烯酸(AA)衍生出的白三烯(LTs)是炎症反应的有效脂质介体。 1983年,Dahlén等人。证明LTC4,LTD4和LTE4介导了哮喘患者的组织中抗原诱导的支气管收缩(Dahlén,SE,Hansson,G.,Hedqvist,P.,Björck,T.,Granström,E。和Dahlén, B.(1983)美国国家科学院院刊80,1712–1716)。在过去的25多年中,在理解LT如何发挥其作用方面取得了实质性进展,并且人们对它们介导的众多生物过程有了更广泛的认识。 LT的生物合成是由5-脂氧合酶(5-LOX)的作用引发的,该酶在两步反应中催化AA向LTA4的转化。 Ca 2 + 将5-LOX靶向核膜,并与5-LOX激活蛋​​白FLAP和下游酶LTC4合酶(共存在跨膜蛋白)共同定位。与AA代谢的LOX,LTC4合酶和FLAP的晶体结构与生化数据相结合,为理解亚细胞组织如何优化这些不稳定的疏水性信号传导化合物的生物合成提供了框架,而这些疏水性信号传导化合物必须在包括膜和可溶性酶的路径中进行导航。这些微型评论讨论了这些结构提供的见解以及它们引起的问题。

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