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Plant E3 ligases SNIPER1 and SNIPER2 broadly regulate the homeostasis of sensor NLR immune receptors

机译:植物E3连接酶Sniper1和Sniper2广泛调节传感器NLR免疫受体的稳态

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摘要

In both plants and animals, nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors perceive pathogen‐derived molecules to trigger immunity. Global NLR homeostasis must be tightly controlled to ensure sufficient and timely immune output while avoiding aberrant activation, the mechanisms of which are largely unclear. In a previous reverse genetic screen, we identified two novel E3 ligases, SNIPER1 and its homolog SNIPER2, both of which broadly control the levels of NLR immune receptors in Arabidopsis. Protein levels of sensor NLRs (sNLRs) are inversely correlated with SNIPER1 amount and the interactions between SNIPER1 and sNLRs seem to be through the common nucleotide‐binding (NB) domains of sNLRs. In support, SNIPER1 can ubiquitinate the NB domains of multiple sNLRs in vitro. Our study thus reveals a novel process of global turnover of sNLRs by two master E3 ligases for immediate attenuation of immune output to effectively avoid autoimmunity. Such unique mechanism can be utilized in the future for engineering broad‐spectrum resistance in crops to fend off pathogens that damage our food supply.
机译:在植物和动物中,核苷酸结合的富含亮氨酸的重复(NLR)免疫受体感知病原体衍生的分子以引发免疫。必须紧密控制全球NLR稳态,以确保足够及时的免疫输出,同时避免异常激活,其机制在很大程度上不清楚。在先前的反向遗传筛选中,我们鉴定了两种新型E3连接酶,Sniper1及其同源物蛇蛇体2,其均广泛地控制拟南芥中NLR免疫受体的水平。传感器NLRS(SNLRS)的蛋白质水平与Sniper1的量与Sniper1的相反相关,并且Sniper1和SnLR之间的相互作用似乎是通过SNLR的常见核苷酸结合(Nb)结构域。在支持下,Sniper1可以在体外遍布多个SNLR的NB结构域。因此,我们的研究揭示了两个主E3连接组的全球营业额的新工艺,以便立即衰减免疫产量,以有效避免自身免疫。将来可以利用这种独特的机制,以便在农作物中的工程广谱抗性,以抵御损坏我们食品供应的病原体。

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