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Cascade polymerizations: recent developments in the formation of polymer repeat units by cascade reactions

机译:级联聚合:通过级联反应形成聚合物重复单元的最新发展

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摘要

Traditionally, most polymerizations rely on simple reactions such as alkene addition, ring-opening, and condensation because they are robust, highly efficient, and selective. These reactions, however, generally only yield a single new C–C or C–O bond during each propagation step. In recent years, novel macromolecules have been prepared with propagation steps that involve cascade reactions, enabling various combinations of bond making and breaking steps to form more complex repeat units. These polymerizations are often challenging, given the requirements for high conversion and selectivity in controlled polymerizations, yet they provide polymers with unique chemical structures and significantly broaden the scope of how polymers can be made. In this perspective, we summarize the recent developments in cascade polymerizations, primarily focusing on single-component cascades (rather than multi-component polymerizations). Polymerization performance, monomer scope, and mechanisms are discussed for polymerizations utilizing radical, ionic, and metathesis-based mechanisms.
机译:传统上,大多数聚合依赖于简单的反应,例如烯烃添加,开环和冷凝,因为它们是坚固的,高效和选择性的。然而,这些反应通常仅在每个传播步骤中仅产生单一新的C-C或C-O键。近年来,已经用涉及级联反应的传播步骤制备了新型大分子,使得粘合剂制造和断裂步骤的各种组合形成更复杂的重复单元。鉴于对受控聚合中的高转化和选择性的要求,这些聚合通常是挑战性的,但它们提供具有独特化学结构的聚合物,并显着拓宽了聚合物的范围。在这种观点中,我们总结了级联聚合中最近的发展,主要关注单组分级联(而不是多组分聚合)。用于聚合性能,单体范围和机理用于利用基于基于基于自由基,离子和复分解的机理的聚合。

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