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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >Urban living influences the nesting success of Darwin’s finches in the Galápagos Islands
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Urban living influences the nesting success of Darwin’s finches in the Galápagos Islands

机译：城市生活会影响达尔文雀科群岛的嵌套成功

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Urbanization is expanding worldwide with major consequences for organisms. Anthropogenic factors can reduce the fitness of animals but may have benefits, such as consistent human food availability. Understanding anthropogenic trade‐offs is critical in environments with variable levels of natural food availability, such as the Galápagos Islands, an area of rapid urbanization. For example, during dry years, the reproductive success of bird species, such as Darwin's finches, is low because reduced precipitation impacts food availability. Urban areas provide supplemental human food to finches, which could improve their reproductive success during years with low natural food availability. However, urban finches might face trade‐offs, such as the incorporation of anthropogenic debris (e.g., string, plastic) into their nests, which may increase mortality. In our study, we determined the effect of urbanization on the nesting success of small ground finches (Geospiza fuliginosa; a species of Darwin's finch) during a dry year on San Cristóbal Island. We quantified nest building, egg laying and hatching, and fledging in an urban and nonurban area and characterized the anthropogenic debris in nests. We also documented mortalities including nest trash‐related deaths and whether anthropogenic materials directly led to entanglement‐ or ingestion‐related nest mortalities. Overall, urban finches built more nests, laid more eggs, and produced more fledglings than nonurban finches. However, every nest in the urban area contained anthropogenic material, which resulted in 18% nestling mortality while nonurban nests had no anthropogenic debris. Our study showed that urban living has trade‐offs: urban birds have overall higher nesting success during a dry year than nonurban birds, but urban birds can suffer mortality from anthropogenic‐related nest‐materials. These results suggest that despite potential costs, finches benefit overall from urban living and urbanization may buffer the effects of limited resource availability in the Galápagos Islands.
机译：城市化正在全球扩展，具有对生物的重大后果。人为因素可以减少动物的适应性，但可能具有益处，例如一致的人类食物可用性。了解人为权衡在具有自然食品可用性的环境的环境中至关重要，例如Galápagos群岛，这是一个快速的城市化领域。例如，在干燥年份期间，鸟类的生殖成功，如达尔文的雀科，因此降低降水量会影响食物可用性。城市地区为芬哲提供补充人类食物，这可能在较低的自然食品可用性期间提高他们的生殖成功。然而，城市雀科可能面临权衡，例如将人为碎片（例如，绳子，塑料）纳入其巢穴，这可能会增加死亡率。在我们的研究中，我们确定了城市化对小地面雀的嵌套成功（Geospiza fuliginosa;达尔文的雀类物种在SanCristóbal岛的干旱期间。我们量化巢大厦，鸡蛋铺设和孵化，并在城市和非涌地区排出，并在巢中表征了人为碎片。我们还记录了巢垃圾相关死亡，以及如何直接导致与缠结或摄取相关的巢成年人的人类。总体而言，城市雀科建造了更多的巢，铺设更多的鸡蛋，并制作比非居社雀更多的漂浮物。然而，城市地区的每一个巢都含有人为原料，导致18％的雏鸟死亡率，而无畏巢没有人为碎片。我们的研究表明，城市生活有权衡：城市鸟类在旱鸟干燥期间的筑巢成功总体上涨，但城市鸟类可以从与人为相关的巢材料中遭受死亡率。这些结果表明，尽管潜在的成本，但芬哲人总体来自城市生活和城市化可能会缓冲有限资源可用性在Galápagos群岛的影响。

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