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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >There is only one winner: The negative impact of red deer density on roe deer numbers and distribution in the Słowiński National Park and its vicinity
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There is only one winner: The negative impact of red deer density on roe deer numbers and distribution in the Słowiński National Park and its vicinity

机译：只有一个获胜者：红鹿密度对Słowiński国家公园及其附近的REE鹿数量和分布的负面影响

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Red and roe deer are the most numerous cervids in Europe, and they occur in sympatry in most regions. Roe deer were considered to be an inferior competitor in studies in which they co‐occurred with fallow deer or muntjac. Despite the remarkable overlap of their ranges, there are few studies on the competition between the red and roe deer. Since interspecific interactions among ungulates are often related to their mutual densities, the current study focused on the effects of high red deer density on the roe deer numbers and spatial distribution in the unhunted Słowiński National Park (SNP) in northern Poland and forest districts open to hunting bordering the park. Using fecal pellet group counts, it was found that in the forest districts (where red deer densities were 2–3 times lower than in the SNP), roe deer densities were significantly higher than in the park. The red‐to‐roe deer density ratio was 10.8 and 2.7, in the SNP and the surrounding forest districts, respectively. Moreover, in the SNP, the roe deer distribution was negatively affected by the red deer habitat use, while in the hunting areas, such an effect was not recorded. The negative influence of the red deer on the roe deer population in the park was most probably due to the red deer impact on food availability. The biomass of the plant groups forming the staple food of the roe deer (Rubus spp., forbs, dwarf shrubs) was significantly higher in the fenced plots than in the unfenced ones. Lack of hunting in the protected areas may benefit only some species in ungulate assemblages which, in turn, may contradict one of their objectives—to maintain viable and ecologically functional populations.
机译：Red和Roe Deer是欧洲最多的Cervids，它们在大多数地区进行了轰炸。 Roe鹿被认为是他们与休耕鹿或Muntjac的研究中的较差的竞争对手。尽管他们的范围重叠了，但仍有关于红色和狍之间的竞争的研究。由于无胶质酸盐之间的间隙相互作用通常与其相互密度有关，因此目前的研究侧重于高红鹿密度对波兰北部的无限制的Słowiński国家公园（SNP）中的高红鹿密度和空间分布的影响狩猎毗邻公园。使用粪便颗粒组计数，发现在森林区（红鹿密度低于SNP的红鹿密度为2-3倍），Roe Deer密度显着高于公园。红松鹿密度比分别为10.8和2.7，分别在SNP和周围的森林区。此外，在SNP中，ROE鹿分布受到红鹿栖息地使用的负面影响，而在狩猎区域的同时，未记录这种效果。红鹿对公园里狍人口的负面影响最可能是由于红鹿对食品可用性的影响。在围栏的地块中形成卵石鹿（Rubus SPP，Forbs，Forbs，Dwarf Shrubs）的植物组的生物量在围栏的地块中显着高于未取消的地块。保护区缺乏狩猎可能只会在牵引组件中只有一些物种，反过来可能与其目标相矛盾 - 保持可行和生态的功能性群体。

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