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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Sensors (Basel Switzerland) >A Review of Attacks Vulnerabilities and Defenses in Industry 4.0 with New Challenges on Data Sovereignty Ahead
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A Review of Attacks Vulnerabilities and Defenses in Industry 4.0 with New Challenges on Data Sovereignty Ahead

机译：对行业攻击漏洞和防御性的审查与前方数据主权的新挑战

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摘要

The concepts brought by Industry 4.0 have been explored and gradually applied.The cybersecurity impacts on the progress of Industry 4.0 implementations and their interactions with other technologies require constant surveillance, and it is important to forecast cybersecurity-related challenges and trends to prevent and mitigate these impacts. The contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) it presents the results of a systematic review of industry 4.0 regarding attacks, vulnerabilities and defense strategies, (2) it details and classifies the attacks, vulnerabilities and defenses mechanisms, and (3) it presents a discussion of recent challenges and trends regarding cybersecurity-related areas for Industry 4.0. From the systematic review, regarding the attacks, the results show that most attacks are carried out on the network layer, where dos-related and mitm attacks are the most prevalent ones. Regarding vulnerabilities, security flaws in services and source code, and incorrect validations in authentication procedures are highlighted. These are vulnerabilities that can be exploited by dos attacks and buffer overflows in industrial devices and networks. Regarding defense strategies, Blockchain is presented as one of the most relevant technologies under study in terms of defense mechanisms, thanks to its ability to be used in a variety of solutions, from Intrusion Detection Systems to the prevention of Distributed dos attacks, and most defense strategies are presented as an after-attack solution or prevention, in the sense that the defense mechanisms are only placed or thought, only after the harm has been done, and not as a mitigation strategy to prevent the cyberattack. Concerning challenges and trends, the review shows that digital sovereignty, cyber sovereignty, and data sovereignty are recent topics being explored by researchers within the Industry 4.0 scope, and GAIA-X and International Data Spaces are recent initiatives regarding data sovereignty. A discussion of trends is provided, and future challenges are pointed out.
机译：行业4.0带来的概念已被探索和逐步应用。网络安全对行业进度的影响4.0实施及其与其他技术的相互作用需要不断监测，并且预测与网络安全相关的挑战和趋势是预防和减轻这些技术的重要性影响。本文的贡献如下：（1）它介绍了行业的系统审查结果4.0关于攻击，漏洞和辩护战略，（2）详情，并对攻击，漏洞和防御机制进行分类，以及（3）它讨论了有关工业4.0网络安全相关领域的最近挑战和趋势。从系统审查中，关于攻击，结果表明，大多数攻击都在网络层上进行，其中相关的和MITM攻击是最普遍的攻击。关于漏洞，服务和源代码中的安全缺陷以及身份验证过程中不正确的验证都会突出显示。这些是漏洞，可以通过工业设备和网络中的DOS攻击和缓冲区溢出来利用。关于国防战略，由于其在防盗检测系统中用于防止分布式DOS攻击以及大多数防御，因此呈现为在防御机制下的最相关技术之一作为在防御机制下进行的最相关技术之一。策略作为一个后攻击解决方案或预防，从此没有被造成的抗辩机制，才会在造成危害之后，而不是防止网络攻击的缓解策略。关于挑战和趋势，审查表明，数字主权，网络主权和数据主权是由行业4.0范围内的研究人员探索的最新主题，盖亚-X和国际数据空间是关于数据主权的最新举措。提供了对趋势的讨论，并指出了未来的挑战。

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