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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Animal Science >Increased dietary protein or free amino acids supply for heat stress pigs: effect on performance and carcass traits
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Increased dietary protein or free amino acids supply for heat stress pigs: effect on performance and carcass traits

机译：增加热应激猪的日粮蛋白质或游离氨基酸供应量：对生产性能和car体性状的影响

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Heat stress (>HS) pigs reduce their voluntary feed intake (>VFI) and ingestion of indispensable amino acids (>AA). Increasing the dietary crude protein (CP) content may help to correct the reduced AA intake by HS pigs, but it may further increase their body heat load. Increasing the AA intake by adding free AA to the diet does not affect the heat load of HS pigs. Two 21-d experiments were conducted. In Exp. 1, 30 pigs (31.1 ± 1.2 kg initial body weight) were used to determine the performance depression because of HS. Treatments were: thermo neutral pigs fed a 22% CP control diet (TN-C); HS pigs fed the control diet (HS-C); HS pigs fed a 14% CP, AA supplemented diet (HS-AA). HS pigs had lower ADG and Lys utilization efficiency, and consumed 20 and 25% less Lys and Thr, respectively, than the TN-C pigs (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2 (comparative slaughter), 25 pigs (33.6 ± 0.65 kg initial body weight) were used to evaluate the effect of extra dietary AA either as protein-bound or free AA on the performance and carcass traits of HS pigs. Treatments were: control wheat-SBM-free Lys, Thr and Met diet (>CON); diet with 30% more CP than CON (HSxP); diet added with free AA to contain at least 25% more of each AA than the recommended level (HSxAA). Ambient temperature (AT) ranged from 27.7 to 37.7°C, and body temperature (39.9 to 41.2°C) followed a similar daily pattern as the AT did. There was no dietary treatment effect on daily feed and NE intake (P > 0.10), but the Lys, Thr, and Met intake was higher in pigs fed the HSxP or HSxAA diets than in pigs fed the CON diet (P < 0.05). The daily weight gain (ADG) was not affected (P > 0.10) but G:F tended to be higher and the Lys utilization efficiency (ADG, g/g Lys intake) tended to be lower in HSxP pigs than in CON pigs (P < 0.10). The HSxAA pigs had higher ADG (P < 0.05), and tended to have higher weight of hot carcass and leg muscle, and the weight gain of hot carcass and leg muscle than the CON pigs (P < 0.10). The weight and daily weight gain of loin muscle was higher in the HSxAA than in the HSxP pigs (P < 0.05). Kidney weight and serum urea in HSxP pigs were higher than in CON and HSxAA pigs, but spleen weight was higher in HSxAA pigs than in CON and HSxP pigs (P < 0.05). These results confirm that HS reduces the VFI, and show that increased levels of AA either as free or protein-bound do not additionally reduce the VFI of HS pigs. These also show that extra free AA supply rather than protein-bound AA better ameliorate the reduced growth performance of HS pigs.
机译：热应激（> HS ）的猪会减少其自愿采食量（> VFI ）和减少必需氨基酸（> AA ）的摄入量。增加日粮粗蛋白（CP）含量可能有助于纠正HS猪减少的AA摄入量，但可能会进一步增加它们的体热负荷。通过在日粮中添加游离氨基酸来增加氨基酸摄入量不会影响HS猪的热负荷。进行了两个21天实验。在实验中1，1，30头猪（31.1±1.2千克初始体重）用于确定由于HS导致的性能下降。治疗方法是：中性猪饲喂22％CP对照饮食（TN-C）； HS猪饲喂对照饲料（HS-C）； HS猪饲喂14％CP，AA补充饲料（HS-AA）。 HS猪的ADG和Lys利用效率较低，Lys和Thr分别比TN-C猪少20％和25％（P <0.05）。在实验中2只（比较屠宰）25头猪（33.6±0.65 kg的初始体重）用于评估额外的日粮AA（无论是蛋白结合型还是游离型AA）对HS猪的生产性能和car体性状的影响。治疗方法是：对照小麦无SBM的Lys，Thr和Met饮食（> CON ）；饮食中CP比CON（HSxP）高30％；添加了游离氨基酸的饮食中，每种氨基酸的含量至少比建议水平（HSxAA）高出25％。环境温度（AT）为27.7至37.7°C，体温（39.9至41.2°C）遵循与AT类似的每日模式。日粮对日粮和NE的摄入没有饮食治疗作用（P> 0.10），但是饲喂HSxP或HSxAA日粮的猪的Lys，Thr和Met摄入量高于饲喂CON日粮的猪（P <0.05）。 HSxP猪的日增重（ADG）不受影响（P> 0.10），但G：F趋于升高，Lys的利用效率（ADG，g / g Lys摄入）趋于低于CON猪（P <0.10）。 HSxAA猪的ADG较高（P <0.05），并且比CON猪的higher体和腿部肌肉的重量更高，并且car体和腿部肌肉的重量增加（P <0.10）。 HSxAA中腰部肌肉的重量和日增重高于HSxP猪（P <0.05）。 HSxP猪的肾脏重量和血清尿素高于CON和HSxAA猪，但HSxAA猪的脾脏重量高于CON和HSxP猪（P <0.05）。这些结果证实了HS降低了VFI，并表明游离或蛋白结合的AA水平升高不会额外降低HS猪的VFI。这些还表明，额外的免费AA供应量比蛋白结合的AA更好地改善了HS猪的生长性能下降。

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