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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Marine Drugs >Effects of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen on the Growth and Production of Domoic Acid by Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries and P. australis (Bacillariophyceae) in Culture
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Effects of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen on the Growth and Production of Domoic Acid by Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries and P. australis (Bacillariophyceae) in Culture

机译：有机和无机氮对拟南芥和澳大利亚假单胞菌培养中海藻酸生长和生产的影响

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Over the last century, human activities have altered the global nitrogen cycle, and anthropogenic inputs of both inorganic and organic nitrogen species have increased around the world, causing significant changes to the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The increasing frequency of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. in estuarine and coastal waters reinforces the need to understand better the environmental control of its growth and domoic acid (DA) production. Here, we document Pseudo-nitzschia spp. growth and toxicity on a large set of inorganic and organic nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium, urea, glutamate, glutamine, arginine and taurine). Our study focused on two species isolated from European coastal waters: P. multiseries CCL70 and P. australis PNC1. The nitrogen sources induced broad differences between the two species with respect to growth rate, biomass and cellular DA, but no specific variation could be attributed to any of the inorganic or organic nitrogen substrates. Enrichment with ammonium resulted in an enhanced growth rate and cell yield, whereas glutamate did not support the growth of P. multiseries. Arginine, glutamine and taurine enabled good growth of P. australis, but without toxin production. The highest DA content was produced when P. multiseries grew with urea and P. australis grew with glutamate. For both species, growth rate was not correlated with DA content but more toxin was produced when the nitrogen source could not sustain a high biomass. A significant negative correlation was found between cell biomass and DA content in P. australis. This study shows that Pseudo-nitzschia can readily utilize organic nitrogen in the form of amino acids, and confirms that both inorganic and organic nitrogen affect growth and DA production. Our results contribute to our understanding of the ecophysiology of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and may help to predict toxic events in the natural environment.
机译：在上个世纪，人类活动改变了全球氮循环，全球无机和有机氮物种的人为投入增加，导致水生生态系统功能发生重大变化。假性尼兹菌属的频率增加。河口和沿岸水域中的细菌强化了对更好地了解其生长和多聚酸（DA）生产的环境控制的需求。在这里，我们记录了伪造菌属。大量无机和有机氮（硝酸盐，铵，尿素，谷氨酸，谷氨酰胺，精氨酸和牛磺酸）的生长和毒性。我们的研究重点是从欧洲沿海水域中分离出的两个物种：多系列疟原虫CCL70和南极疟原虫PNC1。氮源引起了这两种物种在生长速率，生物量和细胞DA方面的广泛差异，但没有具体的变化可归因于任何无机或有机氮底物。铵的富集导致生长速率和细胞产量提高，而谷氨酸不支持多系列疟原虫的生长。精氨酸，谷氨酰胺和牛磺酸可促进澳大利亚假单胞菌的良好生长，但不会产生毒素。当多系列假单胞菌与尿素一起生长，而澳​​大利亚假单胞菌与谷氨酸一起生长时，DA含量最高。对于这两个物种，生长速率与DA含量均不相关，但是当氮源无法维持高生物量时，会产生更多的毒素。发现在澳大利亚假单胞菌中，细胞生物量与DA含量之间存在显着的负相关。这项研究表明，拟南芥可以很容易地利用氨基酸形式的有机氮，并证实无机氮和有机氮均会影响生长和DA的产生。我们的结果有助于我们对假单胞菌属的生态生理的理解。并有助于预测自然环境中的毒性事件。

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