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Electrochemistry of Sputtered Hematite Photoanodes:A Comparison of Metallic DC versus Reactive RF Sputtering

机译:溅射赤铁矿光阳极的电化学:金属直流溅射与无功射频溅射的比较

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摘要

The water splitting activity of hematite is sensitive to the film processing parameters due to limiting factors such as a short hole diffusion length, slow oxygen evolution kinetics, and poor light absorptivity. In this work, we use direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering as a fast and cost-effective route to deposit metallic iron thin films, which are annealed in air to obtain well-adhering hematite thin films on F:SnO2-coated glass substrates. These films are compared to annealed hematite films, which are deposited by reactive radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering, which is usually used for depositing metal oxide thin films, but displays an order of magnitude lower deposition rate. We find that DC sputtered films have much higher photoelectrochemical activity than reactive RF sputtered films. We show that this is related to differences in the morphology and surface composition of the films as a result of the different processing parameters. This in turn results in faster oxygen evolution kinetics and lower surface and bulk recombination effects. Thus, fabricating hematite thin films by fast and cost-efficientmetallic iron deposition using DC magnetron sputtering is shown tobe a valid and industrially relevant route for hematite photoanodefabrication.
机译:由于限制因素,例如短的空穴扩散长度,缓慢的氧气析出动力学和较差的光吸收性,赤铁矿的水分解活性对薄膜加工参数敏感。在这项工作中,我们使用直流(DC)磁控管溅射作为沉积金属铁薄膜的快速且经济高效的途径,然后在空气中对其进行退火以获得在F:SnO2涂层的玻璃基板上粘附良好的赤铁矿薄膜。将这些薄膜与通过反应性射频(RF)磁控溅射沉积的退火赤铁矿薄膜进行比较,后者通常用于沉积金属氧化物薄膜,但沉积速率降低了一个数量级。我们发现,直流溅射膜比反应性射频溅射膜具有更高的光电化学活性。我们表明,这与薄膜的形貌和表面组成的差异有关,这归因于不同的加工参数。这进而导致更快的氧气释放动力学以及较低的表面和整体重组效应。因此,可以快速,经济地制造赤铁矿薄膜使用直流磁控溅射进行金属铁沉积显示是赤铁矿光阳极的有效且与工业相关的途径制造。

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