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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Addiction >An Exploration of Responses to Drug Conditioned Stimuli during Treatment for Substance Dependence
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An Exploration of Responses to Drug Conditioned Stimuli during Treatment for Substance Dependence

机译：药物依赖治疗中对药物条件刺激反应的探索

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摘要

Although it is well established that drug conditioned stimuli produce a variety of conditioned responses, it is not known whether such stimuli can also reinforce an arbitrary operant response and thus serve as conditioned reinforcers. Volunteers (n = 39) recruited from a residential treatment center for substance dependence were tested on a task in which presses on computer keys activated images of drugs/drug paraphernalia on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. They also completed a personalized craving questionnaire and a personalized Implicit Association Test. A significant bias in responding was found for images of preferred drugs/route of drug administration. Craving, however, was low and the images generated negative evaluative reactions. Two additional studies were performed to ascertain the generalizability of the effects to a different population of drug-using individuals (i.e., students who drink) and to incentive stimuli of a different nature (i.e., sexual). The additional studies partially replicated and extended the central findings of the main study. Therefore, although these data should be considered preliminary in light of small group sizes, it is concluded that cue specificity and availability of the unconditioned stimuli (drugs and sex) plays a role in modulating responding maintained by conditioned reinforcers.
机译：尽管已经确定药物条件刺激会产生多种条件反应，但尚不清楚这种刺激是否还能增强任意的操作反应并因此充当条件增强剂。从某家居民治疗中心招募的自愿人员（n = 39）进行了一项物质依赖测试，该任务按增强比例的进度表按计算机键盘上的激活药物/吸毒用具图像。他们还完成了个性化的渴望问卷和个性化的内隐联想测验。对于首选药物的图像/给药途径，发现响应存在明显偏差。然而，渴望很低，图像产生了负面的评价反应。进行了另外两项研究，以确定对不同的吸毒人群（即喝酒的学生）和对不同性质（即性）的刺激的影响的普遍性。其他研究部分复制并扩展了主要研究的主要发现。因此，尽管从小组人数的角度来看，这些数据应被认为是初步的，但得出的结论是，线索的特异性和无条件刺激（药物和性别）的可用性在调节由条件增强剂维持的反应中起着作用。

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