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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>The ISME Journal >Geographic delineations of yeast communities and populations associated with vines and wines in New Zealand
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Geographic delineations of yeast communities and populations associated with vines and wines in New Zealand

机译：新西兰与葡萄和葡萄酒有关的酵母群落和种群的地理分布

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摘要

Yeasts are a diverse seemingly ubiquitous group of eukaryotic microbes, and many are naturally associated with fruits. Humans have harnessed yeasts since the dawn of civilisation to make wine, and thus it is surprising that we know little of the distribution of yeast communities naturally associated with fruits. Previous reports of yeast community diversity have been descriptive only. Here we present, we believe, the first robust test for the geographic delineation of yeast communities. Humans have relatively recently employed Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model research organism, and have long harnessed its ancient adaption to ferment even in the presence of oxygen. However, as far as we are aware, there has not been a rigorous test for the presence of regional differences in natural S. cerevisiae populations before. We combined these community- and population-level questions and surveyed replicate vineyards and corresponding spontaneous ferments from different regions on New Zealand's (NZ's) North Island and analysed the resulting data with community ecology and population genetic tests. We show that there are distinct regional delineations of yeast communities, but the picture for S. cerevisiae is more complex: there is evidence for region-specific sub-populations but there are also reasonable levels of gene flow among these regions in NZ. We believe this is the first demonstration of regional delineations of yeast populations and communities worldwide.
机译：酵母是一种看似普遍存在的真核微生物群，许多自然与水果相关。自文明诞生以来，人类一直在利用酵母来酿造葡萄酒，因此令人惊讶的是，我们几乎不了解与水果自然相关的酵母群落的分布。先前关于酵母群落多样性的报道仅是描述性的。我们相信，这里我们提出了第一个针对酵母菌群落地理特征的可靠测试。相对而言，人类最近才将酿酒酵母用作模型研究生物，并长期利用了其古老的适应性，即使在有氧条件下也能发酵。但是，据我们所知，以前还没有严格的测试来证明自然酿酒酵母种群中存在区域差异。我们结合了这些社区和人口级别的问题，并调查了新西兰北岛不同地区的复制葡萄园和相应的自发发酵物，并通过社区生态学和人口遗传测试分析了所得数据。我们显示出酵母菌群落具有明显的区域划分，但酿酒酵母的图片更为复杂：有证据表明区域特定的亚种群，但在新西兰这些区域之间也存在合理水平的基因流动。我们相信，这是全球范围内酵母菌种群和社区区域划分的首次证明。

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