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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>The ISME Journal >When the forest dies: the response of forest soil fungi to a bark beetle-induced tree dieback
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When the forest dies: the response of forest soil fungi to a bark beetle-induced tree dieback

机译：森林死亡时：森林土壤真菌对树皮甲虫引起的树木枯萎的反应

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Coniferous forests cover extensive areas of the boreal and temperate zones. Owing to their primary production and C storage, they have an important role in the global carbon balance. Forest disturbances such as forest fires, windthrows or insect pest outbreaks have a substantial effect on the functioning of these ecosystems. Recent decades have seen an increase in the areas affected by disturbances in both North America and Europe, with indications that this increase is due to both local human activity and global climate change. Here we examine the structural and functional response of the litter and soil microbial community in a Picea abies forest to tree dieback following an invasion of the bark beetle Ips typographus, with a specific focus on the fungal community. The insect-induced disturbance rapidly and profoundly changed vegetation and nutrient availability by killing spruce trees so that the readily available root exudates were replaced by more recalcitrant, polymeric plant biomass components. Owing to the dramatic decrease in photosynthesis, the rate of decomposition processes in the ecosystem decreased as soon as the one-time litter input had been processed. The fungal community showed profound changes, including a decrease in biomass (2.5-fold in the litter and 12-fold in the soil) together with the disappearance of fungi symbiotic with tree roots and a relative increase in saprotrophic taxa. Within the latter group, successive changes reflected the changing availability of needle litter and woody debris. Bacterial biomass appeared to be either unaffected or increased after the disturbance, resulting in a substantial increase in the bacterial/fungal biomass ratio.
机译：针叶林覆盖寒带和温带地区的广大地区。由于其主要生产和碳储存，它们在全球碳平衡中具有重要作用。森林干扰，例如森林火灾，大风或虫害暴发，对这些生态系统的功能产生了重大影响。近几十年来，受北美和欧洲动荡影响的地区有所增加，这表明这种增加是由于当地人类活动和全球气候变化所致。在这里，我们研究了云杉树皮和土壤微生物群落对树皮甲虫Ips typographus入侵后树木枯萎的结构和功能响应，重点是真菌群落。昆虫引起的干扰通过杀死云杉树木而迅速而深刻地改变了植被和养分的利用率，从而使易得的根系分泌物被更具顽固性的聚合物植物生物质成分所取代。由于光合作用的急剧减少，一旦处理了一次性的垫料输入，生态系统中的分解过程速率就会降低。真菌群落显示出深刻的变化，包括生物量的减少（凋落物的2.5倍和土壤中的12倍），以及与树根共生的真菌的消失和腐生类群的相对增加。在后一组中，连续的变化反映了针刺和木屑的可用性不断变化。干扰后，细菌生物量似乎未受影响或有所增加，从而导致细菌/真菌生物量比率大幅增加。

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