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Investigating the bioavailability of graphene quantum dots in lung tissues via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

机译：通过傅立叶变换红外光谱法研究肺组织中石墨烯量子点的生物利用度

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Biomolecular fractions affect the fate and behaviour of quantum dots (QDs) in living systems but how the interactions between biomolecules and QDs affect the bioavailability of QDs is a major knowledge gap in risk assessment analysis. The transport of QDs after release into a living organism is a complex process. The majority accumulate in the lungs where they can directly affect the inhalation process and lung architecture. Here, we investigate the bioavailability of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) to the lungs of rats by measuring the alterations in macromolecular fractions via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). GQDs were intravenously injected into the rats in a dose-dependent manner (low (5 mg kg−1) and high (15 mg kg−1) doses of GQDs per body weight of rat) for 7 days. The lung tissues were isolated, processed and haematoxylin–eosin stained for histological analysis to identify cell death. Key biochemical differences were identified by spectral signatures: pronounced changes in cholesterol were found in two cases of low and high doses; a change in phosphorylation profile of substrate proteins in the tissues was observed in low dose at 24 h. This is the first time biomolecules have been measured in biological tissue using FTIR to investigate the biocompatibility of foreign material. We found that highly accurate toxicological changes can be investigated with FTIR measurements of tissue sections. As a result, FTIR could form the basis of a non-invasive pre-diagnostic tool for predicting the toxicity of GQDs.
机译：生物分子级分会影响生命系统中量子点（QD）的命运和行为，但生物分子与QD之间的相互作用如何影响QD的生物利用度是风险评估分析中的主要知识缺口。释放到活生物体中的QD的运输是一个复杂的过程。多数在肺中积累，它们可以直接影响吸入过程和肺结构。在这里，我们通过傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）测量大分子组分的变化，研究石墨烯量子点（GQDs）对大鼠肺的生物利用度。将GQD剂量依赖性（低（5 mg kg -1 ）和高（15 mg kg -1 ）每人剂量的GQD静脉内注入大鼠体内（大鼠体重）7天。分离，处理肺组织，并对苏木精-伊红染色，进行组织学分析，以鉴定细胞死亡。通过光谱特征鉴定出关键的生化差异：在低剂量和高剂量两种情况下，胆固醇均发生了明显变化。低剂量24小时观察到组织中底物蛋白的磷酸化谱变化。这是首次使用FTIR在生物组织中测量生物分子以研究异物的生物相容性。我们发现可以通过组织切片的FTIR测量研究高度准确的毒理学变化。结果，FTIR可以成为预测GQD毒性的非侵入性预诊断工具的基础。

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