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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife >Repeated inoculations with the lung and heartworm nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum result in increasing larval excretion and worm burden in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
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Repeated inoculations with the lung and heartworm nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum result in increasing larval excretion and worm burden in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

机译：反复接种肺和心丝线虫血管圆线虫会导致幼狐排泄和红狐中蠕虫负担的增加

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摘要

The French heartworm Angiostongylus vasorum is found in European red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and dog populations, where it appears to be spreading geographically. Once introduced into new areas, it establishes in local fox populations, typically to over 50% prevalence in a few years. High susceptibility and constant excretion of first stage larvae (L1) by the definitive hosts are prerequisites for sustaining high parasite biomass in a particular habitat. The present study explores the hypothesis that repeated ingestion of gastropods in nature will result in accumulation of adult worms and elevated excretion of L1 in feces. Experimentally infected foxes were subsequently inoculated via stomach tube once (9 weeks post initial inoculation) or twice (9 and 13 weeks post inoculation (wpi)) with 100 third stage A. vasorum larvae (L3) previously isolated from aquatic snails infected with L1 from a naturally infected dog. Despite large variation in fecal larval excretion for the individual animals within the groups, excretion of L1 was significantly higher in foxes twice inoculated as compared to foxes inoculated only once. With an outlier in the once inoculated group removed, excretion became significantly higher in the three times inoculated group. Establishment of adult worms varied and only a trend to higher worm burdens was found in the group of foxes inoculated three times. However, this became significant with the same single outlier removed. Overall, it appears that protective immunity to A. vasorum does not appear to occur in V. vulpes with animals exhibiting high infection intensities without obvious clinical signs. The increasing larval excretion in foxes being repeatedly exposed to A. vasorum L3 support the hypothesis that foxes under natural conditions may repeatedly ingest infected gastropods and remain a source of environmental contamination for several months, potentially contributing to the establishment of endemic foci through increasing L1 excretion.
机译：法国心丝虫血管虫（Angiostongylus vasorum）在欧洲的红狐（Vulpes vulpes）和狗群中发现，似乎在地理上扩散。一旦被引入新的领域，它就会在当地的狐狸种群中建立起来，通常在几年内流行率超过50％。最终宿主对第一阶段幼虫（L1）的高度敏感性和恒定排泄是在特定生境中维持高寄生生物量的先决条件。本研究探索了这样一种假说，即在自然界中反复摄入腹足动物会导致成虫的积累和粪便中L1的排泄增加。随后将经实验感染的狐狸通过胃管接种一次（初次接种后9周）或两次（接种后9周和13周（wpi）），再用100头第三期A.天然感染的狗。尽管各组中单个动物的粪便幼虫排泄差异很大，但是与只接种一次的狐狸相比，在两次接种的狐狸中L1的排泄量明显更高。一次性接种组中的离群值被除去后，三次接种组中的排泄量明显增加。成年蠕虫的建立各不相同，在接种了3次的狐狸中，只有蠕虫负担增加的趋势。但是，在删除了相同的单个异常值之后，这一点变得很重要。总体而言，似乎在表现出高感染强度而没有明显临床体征的动物的弧菌中似乎没有出现对血管念珠菌的保护性免疫。反复接触A.vasorum L3的狐狸幼虫排泄物增加，支持以下假设：在自然条件下，狐狸可能会反复摄入受感染的腹足动物，并在数月内仍是环境污染的源头，可能通过增加L1排泄物而有助于建立地方病灶。

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