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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife >Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as sentinels for parasitic zoonoses Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella nativa in the northeastern Canadian Arctic
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Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as sentinels for parasitic zoonoses Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella nativa in the northeastern Canadian Arctic

机译：狐狸（Vulpes vulpes）作为加拿大东北北极寄生性人畜共患病弓形虫和野生旋毛虫的前哨

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Outbreaks of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. have been recurring for decades among Inuit of Nunavik, northeastern Canada. Contact with wildlife has been identified as a risk factor for Inuit exposure to T. gondii, but reservoirs have yet to be confirmed based on direct detection of DNA or organism. Similarly, little is known about the occurrence of Trichinella spp. in wildlife species of Nunavik other than walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) and bears (Ursus americanus, Ursus maritimus). Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were targeted as possible sentinels for T. gondii and Trichinella spp. because of their high trophic position within the Arctic food chain as carnivorous scavengers. A total of 39 red foxes were sampled from four communities in southern and western Nunavik between November 2015 and September 2016. For the first time in wildlife, a novel magnetic capture DNA extraction and real-time PCR technique was used to isolate and detect T. gondii DNA from the heart and brain of foxes. A double separatory funnel digestion method followed by multiplex PCR was used to recover and genotype larvae of Trichinella spp. from tongues of foxes. Seroprevalence based on detection of antibodies to T. gondii was 41% (95% CI: 27–57%) using a commercially available modified agglutination test (MAT). Detection of DNA of T. gondii and larvae of Trichinella nativa (T2) occurred in 44% (95% CI: 28–60%) and 36% (95% CI: 21–51%) of foxes, respectively. Coinfection with both T. nativa and T. gondii occurred among 23% (95%CI: 13–38%) of foxes which can be attributed to co-transmission from prey and scavenged species in their diet. There was only moderate agreement between T. gondii serology and direct detection of T. gondii DNA using the MC-PCR technique (Kappa test statistic: 0.321), suggesting that using both methods in tandem can increase the sensitivity of detection for this parasite. These findings show that foxes are good sentinels for circulation of parasitic zoonoses in terrestrial northern ecosystems since they are highly exposed, show measurable indicators of infection and do not serve as exposure sources for humans.
机译：弓形虫和旋毛虫属暴发。在加拿大东北的努纳维克因纽特人中反复出现了数十年。与野生动植物的接触已被确定为因纽特人接触弓形虫的危险因素，但是尚未根据直接检测DNA或生物体确定储水池。同样，对旋毛虫属的发生知之甚少。除了海象（Odobenus rosmarus）和熊（Ursus americanus，Ursus maritimus）以外的努纳维克（Nunavik）野生动物物种。狐狸（Vulpes vulpes）被定为弓形虫和旋毛虫的可能哨兵。因为它们在北极食物链中作为肉食清除剂的营养地位很高。在2015年11月至2016年9月之间，从努纳维克市南部和西部的四个社区共采样了39只狐狸。首次在野生生物中，采用了新颖的磁捕获DNA提取和实时PCR技术来分离和检测T。狐狸心脏和大脑的刚地DNA。采用双分液漏斗消化法，然后进行多重PCR，回收旋毛虫属的幼虫并进行基因分型。从狐狸的舌头。使用市售改良凝集试验（MAT），基于对弓形虫抗体的检测，血清阳性率为41％（95％CI：27–57％）。分别对44％（95％CI：28–60％）和36％（95％CI：21–51％）的狐狸进行了弓形虫和幼虫Trichinella nativa（T2）DNA的检测。 23％（95％CI：13–38％）的狐狸同时发生了纳塔氏菌和弓形虫的共感染，这可以归因于其饮食中猎物和被清除物种的共同传播。 T与T之间只有适度的共识。刚地血清学和 T的直接检测。使用MC-PCR技术（Kappa测试统计：0.321）分析刚地虫DNA，这表明同时使用这两种方法可以提高对该寄生虫的检测灵敏度。这些发现表明，由于狐狸被高度暴露，显示出可测量的感染指标并且不能作为人类的暴露源，因此它们是陆地陆地生态系统中寄生性人畜共患病传播的良好前哨。

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