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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Nanomedicine >Some inferences from in vivo experiments with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles: the pulmonary phagocytosis response subchronic systemic toxicity and genotoxicity regulatory proposals searching for bioprotectors (a self-overview)
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Some inferences from in vivo experiments with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles: the pulmonary phagocytosis response subchronic systemic toxicity and genotoxicity regulatory proposals searching for bioprotectors (a self-overview)

机译：金属和金属氧化物纳米粒子体内实验的一些推论：肺吞噬反应亚慢性全身毒性和遗传毒性监管建议寻找生物保护剂（自我概述）

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The purpose of this paper is to overview and summarize previously published results of our experiments on white rats exposed to either a single intratracheal instillation or repeated intraperitoneal injections of silver, gold, iron oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, and manganese oxide nanoparticles (NPs) in stable water suspensions without any chemical additives. Based on these results and some corroborating data of other researchers we maintain that these NPs are much more noxious on both cellular and systemic levels as compared with their 1 μm or even submicron counterparts. However, within the nanometer range the dependence of systemic toxicity on particle size is intricate and non-unique due to complex and often contra-directional relationships between the intrinsic biological aggressiveness of the specific NPs, on the one hand, and complex mechanisms that control their biokinetics, on the other. Our data testify to the high activity of the pulmonary phagocytosis of NPs deposited in airways. This fact suggests that safe levels of exposure to airborne NPs are possible in principle. However, there are no reliable foundations for establishing different permissible exposure levels for particles of different size within the nanometric range. For workroom air, such permissible exposure levels of metallic NP can be proposed at this stage, even if tentatively, based on a sufficiently conservative approach of decreasing approximately tenfold the exposure limits officially established for respective micro-scale industrial aerosols. It was shown that against the background of adequately composed combinations of some bioactive agents (comprising pectin, multivitamin-multimineral preparations, some amino acids, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) the systemic toxicity and even genotoxicity of metallic NPs could be markedly attenuated. Therefore we believe that, along with decreasing NP-exposures, enhancing organisms’ resistance to their adverse action with the help of such bioprotectors can prove an efficient auxiliary tool of health risk management in occupations connected with them.
机译：本文的目的是概述和总结我们先前对白鼠进行单次气管内滴注或反复腹膜内注射银，金，氧化铁，氧化铜，氧化镍和氧化锰纳米颗粒（NPs）的实验结果）在没有任何化学添加剂的稳定水悬浮液中。根据这些结果和其他研究人员提供的证实性数据，我们认为这些NP与1μm甚至亚微米的NP相比，在细胞和体内水平上都更具毒性。然而，在纳米范围内，一方面由于特定NP的固有生物学攻击性之间复杂且往往是相反的关系，以及控制它们的复杂机制，系统毒性对粒径的依赖性却是复杂且非唯一的。生物动力学，另一方面。我们的数据证明了沉积在呼吸道中的NPs的肺吞噬作用的高活性。这一事实表明，原则上可以安全地暴露于机载NPs。然而，没有可靠的基础来为纳米范围内的不同尺寸的颗粒建立不同的容许暴露水平。对于工作室空气，即使是暂时的，也可以在此阶段提出这种允许的金属NP暴露水平，这是基于足够保守的方法，将相应的微型工业气雾剂的暴露极限降低约十倍。结果表明，在某些生物活性剂（包括果胶，多种维生素-多种矿物质制剂，某些氨基酸和omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸）充分组成的组合的背景下，金属NP的全身毒性甚至遗传毒性可以显着减弱。因此，我们认为，除了减少NP暴露外，借助这种生物保护剂增强生物体对其不良作用的抵抗力，可以证明是与其相关职业健康风险管理的有效辅助工具。

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